ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2021
Tumour draining lymph node-generated CD8 T cells play a role in controlling lung metastases after a primary tumour is removed but not when adjuvant immunotherapy is used.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT06815705 (An Exploratory Study of Reconstruction of Cervical Lymphatic System by Vascularized Lymphoid Tissue Transplantation During Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Surgery), which is not on this map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Exploratory Study of Reconstruction of Cervical Lymphatic System by Vascularized Lymphoid Tissue Transplantation During Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Surgery
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decoding B-cell Signatures of Complete Pathologic Response to Perioperative Chemoimmunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Trial
- Peripheral memory B cell population maintenance and long-term survival after perioperative chemoimmunotherapy in NSCLC (NADIM trial).Oncoimmunology · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of Adjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy versus Chemotherapy and the Impact of Lymph Node Dissection on Survival.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- ASO Editorial: Lymph Node Dissection in the Immunotherapy Era: Friend or Foe?Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- ASO Author Reflections: Does Lymph Node Dissection Impair the Efficacy of Adjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors?Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Elective nodal irradiation of high-risk regions is superior to involved field radiotherapy for limited-stage small cell lung cancer: a propensity score-matched retrospective study.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Development of a deep learning model based on computed tomography automatic segmentation to assist in selecting optimal time-to-surgery and dissected lymph node count for non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant immunotherapy and chemotherapy: a multicenter study.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- The CD8 immgenT framework as a universal reference of mouse CD8αβ T cell differentiation states.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Patterns and risk factors of lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer 2 cm or less.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Bioresponsive immunomodulator nanocomplex for selective immunoengineering in metastatic lymph nodes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Development and validation of an interpretable machine learning model for prediction of occult lymph node metastasis in clinical stage T1 lung adenocarcinoma.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- Impact of lymph node dissection on survival after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy for esophageal squamous cell cancer: a double-center real-world retrospective study.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Beyond the tumor microenvironment: Orchestrating systemic T‑cell response for next‑generation cancer immunotherapy (Review).International journal of oncology · 2025Review
- Prognostic Significance, Radiological, and Metabolic Characteristics of Metastatic Lymph Nodes in Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Following Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy.Thoracic cancer · 2025Article
- Unleashing the therapeutic potential of tumor-draining lymph nodes: spotlight on bladder cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- An unusual cause of pleural effusion: Orbital sebaceous carcinoma.Tuberkuloz ve toraks · 2025Article
- Safety and necessity of omitting mediastinal lymph node dissection in cN0/N1 non-small cell lung cancer after neoadjuvant immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Sentinel lymph node detection for lung cancer surgery: a possible pathological surrogate of overall lymph node dissection.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Insights into tumor vaccines for elderly individuals in the context of immunosenescence.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Balancing oncological control and immune preservation in the immunotherapy era: revisiting lymph node dissection in non-small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Surgical resection of cancer remains the frontline therapy for millions of patients annually, but post-operative recurrence is common, with a relapse rate of around 45% for non-small cell lung cancer. The tumour draining lymph nodes (dLN) are resected at the time of surgery for staging purposes, and this cannot be a null event for patient survival and future response to immune checkpoint blockade treatment. This project investigates cancer surgery, lymphadenectomy, onset of metastatic disease, and response to immunotherapy in a novel model that closely reflects the clinical setting. In a murine metastatic lung cancer model, primary subcutaneous tumours were resected with associated dLNs remaining intact, completely resected or partially resected. Median survival after surgery was significantly shorter with complete dLN resection at the time of surgery (49 days (95%CI)) compared to when lymph nodes remained intact (> 88 days; p < 0.05). Survival was partially restored with incomplete lymph node resection and CD8 T cell dependent. Treatment with aCTLA4 whilst effective against the primary tumour was ineffective for metastatic lung disease. Conversely, aPD-1/aCD40 treatment was effective in both the primary and metastatic disease settings and restored the detrimental effects of complete dLN resection on survival. In this pre-clinical lung metastatic disease model that closely reflects the clinical setting, we observe decreased frequency of survival after complete lymphadenectomy, which was ameliorated with partial lymph node removal or with early administration of aPD-1/aCD40 therapy. These findings have direct relevance to surgical lymph node resection and adjuvant immunotherapy in lung cancer, and perhaps other cancer, patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.