Trends in Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Expenses Before and After Passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

1. Who pays the most for neonatal intensive care? An analysis of the out-of-pocket cost burden borne by NICU families.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026
   Article
2. Out-of-pocket Costs and Total Payments for Common Congenital Hand Difference Procedures.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025
   Article
3. Catastrophic Health Expenditure among Iranian Households: Evidence from the COVID-19 Era.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2024
   Article
4. Analysis of US Household Catastrophic Health Care Expenditures Associated With Chronic Disease, 2008-2018.JAMA network open · 2022
   Article

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Indexed as