ArticleEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin2021
Characteristics and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 in children tested in the early phase of the pandemic: a cross-sectional study, Italy, 23 February to 24 May 2020.
Article in Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epidemiology and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents in the pre-Omicron era: A global systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2024Pooled it
- The impact of immunocompromise on outcomes of COVID-19 in children and young people-a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Signs and symptoms to determine if a patient presenting in primary care or hospital outpatient settings has COVID-19.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Severe Outcomes Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Increased Measured GFR and Proteinuria in Children with Previous Infection by SARS-CoV-2: Should We Be Concerned?Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Contact Tracing Different Age Groups During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Study From South-West Germany.Online journal of public health informatics · 2024Article
- Parental stress, depression, anxiety and participation to care in neonatal intensive care units: results of a prospective study in Italy, Brazil and Tanzania.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Article
- Clinical and Epidemiological Assessment of Children and Adolescents Hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 in the Pre-Amazon Region.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Presepsin as a diagnostic marker of sepsis in children and adolescents: a short critical update.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2023Review
- SARS-CoV-2 and Swabs: Disease Severity and the Numbers of Cycles of Gene Amplification, Single Center Experience.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Emergency Department Admissions of Children with Chest Pain before and during COVID-19 Pandemic.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Reduced Seasonal Coronavirus Antibody Responses in Children Following COVID-19 Mitigation Measures, The Netherlands.Viruses · 2023Article
- Manifestations and clinical phenotypes are not specific enough to predict SARS-CoV-2 infection in symptomatic children.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2022Article
- Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Los Angeles County youth during the first year of the pandemic.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Article
- Symptom clusters helping the assessment of SARS-COV-2-infected children: Amiens cohort versus European data.Medicine · 2022Review
- Risk of Sequelae of COVID-19 in Children Cared for by Primary Care Pediatricians.Indian pediatrics · 2022Article
- Article
- Viral load and rebound in children with coronavirus disease 2019 during the first outbreak in Daegu city.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2021Article
- Allergy and COVID-19.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2021Review
- Risk factors for poor prognosis in children and adolescents with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
43 authors at 20 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BackgroundVery few studies describe factors associated with COVID-19 diagnosis in children.AimWe here describe characteristics and risk factors for COVID-19 diagnosis in children tested in 20 paediatric centres across Italy.MethodsWe included cases aged 0-18 years tested between 23 February and 24 May 2020. Our primary analysis focused on children tested because of symptoms/signs suggestive of COVID-19.ResultsAmong 2,494 children tested, 2,148 (86.1%) had symptoms suggestive of COVID-19. Clinical presentation of confirmed COVID-19 cases included besides fever (82.4%) and respiratory signs or symptoms (60.4%) also gastrointestinal (18.2%), neurological (18.9%), cutaneous (3.8%) and other unspecific influenza-like presentations (17.8%). In multivariate analysis, factors significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity were: exposure history (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 39.83; 95% confidence interval (CI): 17.52-90.55; p < 0.0001), cardiac disease (AOR: 3.10; 95% CI: 1.19-5.02; p < 0.0001), fever (AOR: 3.05%; 95% CI: 1.67-5.58; p = 0.0003) and anosmia/ageusia (AOR: 4.08; 95% CI: 1.69-9.84; p = 0.002). Among 190 (7.6%) children positive for SARS-CoV-2, only four (2.1%) required respiratory support and two (1.1%) were admitted to intensive care; all recovered.ConclusionRecommendations for SARS-CoV-2 testing in children should consider the evidence of broader clinical features. Exposure history, fever and anosmia/ageusia are strong risk factors in children for positive SARS-CoV-2 testing, while other symptoms did not help discriminate positive from negative individuals. This study confirms that COVID-19 was a mild disease in the general paediatric population in Italy. Further studies are needed to understand risk, clinical spectrum and outcomes of COVID-19 in children with pre-existing conditions.
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