ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2021
PCSK9 Functions in Atherosclerosis Are Not Limited to Plasmatic LDL-Cholesterol Regulation.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Indirect comparison of the efficacy and safety of alirocumab and evolocumab on major cardiovascular events: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Super learner model for predicting carotid plaque regression in type 2 diabetes on PCSK9 inhibitors.Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- LDL receptor-mediated lipoprotein uptake fuels human CD4+ T cell polarization toward a c-MAF/IL-10- and FOXP3-driven phenotype.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Gene Therapy for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease: Mechanisms, Translational Barriers, and the Road Ahead.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Serum PCSK9 level as a potential biomarker relating to age, cholesterol and predicting major adverse cardiovascular event risk in hemodialysis patients.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- High circulating PCSK9 concentration is associated with increased and sex-specific risks of metabolic disease, diabetes mellitus, MASLD, and long-term mortality in a Taiwanese population.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Ellagic Acid and Its Nanoparticles Mitigate Atherosclerosis by Elevating Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Levels Through Targeting of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor.FASEB bioAdvances · 2025Article
- Review
- Review
- Effects of theGenes · 2025Article
- Impacts of aging and fluid shear stress on vascular endothelial metabolism and atherosclerosis development.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- Targeted Theranostic Strategy for Atherosclerotic Plaques Using Intravascular Multimodal Imaging Techniques.Journal of lipid and atherosclerosis · 2025Review
- Intersecting Pathways of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Atherogenesis in the Evaluation of CKD: Emerging Biomarkers PCSK9, EPHX2, AOPPs, and TBARSs.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Effectiveness of Red Watermelon in Preventing Atherosclerosis Through the Role of Lipids, PCSK9, LOX-1, CD36, and ABCA1 in Wistar Rats.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- PCSK9 in Vascular Aging and Age-Related Diseases.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Clinical benefits of evolocumab in diabetic patients with STEMI undergoing PCI: a retrospective study.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- The therapeutic effect of PCSK9 inhibitors on dyslipidemia: one-year follow up.European journal of translational myology · 2024Article
- Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 and apelin in fibromyalgia syndrome.Archives of rheumatology · 2024Article
- Established and Emerging Nucleic Acid Therapies for Familial Hypercholesterolemia.Circulation · 2024Review
- Effects of PCSK9 on thrombosis and haemostasis in a variety of metabolic states: Lipids and beyond (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The relevance of PCSK9 in atherosclerosis progression is demonstrated by the benefits observed in patients that have followed PCSK9-targeted therapies. The impact of these therapies is attributed to the plasma lipid-lowering effect induced when LDLR hepatic expression levels are recovered after the suppression of soluble PCSK9. Different studies show that PCSK9 is involved in other mechanisms that take place at different stages during atherosclerosis development. Indeed, PCSK9 regulates the expression of key receptors expressed in macrophages that contribute to lipid-loading, foam cell formation and atherosclerotic plaque formation. PCSK9 is also a regulator of vascular inflammation and its expression correlates with pro-inflammatory cytokines release, inflammatory cell recruitment and plaque destabilization. Furthermore, anti-PCSK9 approaches have demonstrated that by inhibiting PCSK9 activity, the progression of atherosclerotic disease is diminished. PCSK9 also modulates thrombosis by modifying platelets steady-state, leukocyte recruitment and clot formation. In this review we evaluate recent findings on PCSK9 functions in cardiovascular diseases beyond LDL-cholesterol plasma levels regulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.