ArticleJournal of inflammation research2021
Association of Early Inflammation with Age and Asymptomatic Disease in COVID-19.
Article in Journal of inflammation research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pre-pandemic lifestyle patterns and mental health outcomes among people reporting post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: evidence from a Slovenian population-based sample.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Impact of healthcare system strain on the implementation of ICU sedation practices and encephalopathy burden during the early COVID-19 pandemic.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Neurologic Manifestations of Long COVID Disproportionately Affect Young and Middle-Age Adults.Annals of neurology · 2025Article
- Paucity of viral infection symptoms in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Uncovering the Contrasts and Connections in PASC: Viral Load and Cytokine Signatures in Acute COVID-19 versus Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC).Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Article
- Lower Humoral and Cellular Immunity Following Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection Compared to Symptomatic Infection in Education (The ACE Cohort).Journal of clinical immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- The Impact of SIV-Induced Immunodeficiency on Clinical Manifestation, Immune Response, and Viral Dynamics in SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Pathophysiology and clinical management of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a mini-review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Article
- Homocysteine as a Predictor of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation-Related Events: A Scoping Review of the Literature.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Distinct Roles of Type I and Type III Interferons during a Native Murine β Coronavirus Lung Infection.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Role of T Regulatory Cells and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in COVID-19.Journal of immunology research · 2022Review
- The pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) model of COVID-19 reproduces diverse clinical outcomes and reveals new and complex signatures of disease.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Proof-of-concept trial of an amniotic fluid-derived extracellular vesicle biologic for treating high risk patients with mild-to-moderate acute COVID-19 infection.Biomaterials and biosystems · 2021Article
- The immunology of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: what are the key questions?Nature reviews. Immunology · 2021Review
- Induction of trained immunity by influenza vaccination - impact on COVID-19.PLoS pathogens · 2021Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDisease severity in COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe disease and death, especially in older subjects. The risk for severe infection and death has been reported to be 2X in those between 30 and 40 years, 3X in those between 40 and 50 years, and 4X in those between 50 and 65 years, compared to the reference group of 18-29 years.
objectiveTo investigate the early changes in host immune responses that are altered with age and the difference in the early host inflammatory response that dictates a symptomatic versus asymptomatic course of COVID-19. PATIENTS AND
methodsCOVID-19 subjects were identified by screening at the airport upon arrival from a foreign destination to China. Patients were either asymptomatic or had a mild disease when the first oro-pharyngeal (OP) swab samples were collected. Patients were quarantined and blood and throat swabs were collected during the course of the disease, allowing identification of the earliest host response to COVID-19. These patients were followed until their OP sample turned COVID-19 negative.
resultsData were obtained from 126 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients. The blood samples were obtained within 48 days of qPCR confirmation of viral infection. Older subjects (>30 years) had significantly elevated levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, a significant decrease in the percentage of CD8+ T cells, and expansion in NKT cell fraction. This was associated with significantly elevated viral load and a delayed humoral response in older subjects. Compared to symptomatic subjects, asymptomatic patients had an early increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-2, while a decrease in both T regulatory cells and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Further, asymptomatic disease was associated with early humoral response and faster viral clearance.
conclusionEarly inflammatory response potentially plays a critical role for host-defense in COVID-19. The impaired early inflammatory response was associated with older age while a robust early inflammation was associated with asymptomatic disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.