ReviewNature reviews. Clinical oncology2021
Anti-angiogenic agents - overcoming tumour endothelial cell anergy and improving immunotherapy outcomes.
Review in Nature reviews. Clinical oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 247 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
247 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 401 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantitative evaluation of the efficacy and safety of first-line systemic therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of TACE plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization plus lenvatinib combined with PD-1 inhibitors versus transarterial chemoembolization plus lenvatinib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Durvalumab plus anlotinib versus durvalumab alone as maintenance treatment in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (DURABLE): a multicenter, randomized, phase II trial and biomarker analysis.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant camrelizumab and apatinib combined with chemotherapy in stage IIIA (N2) NSCLC: a multi-center, single-arm, phase II trial.BMC medicine · 2025Trial
- Biomarkers of response to camrelizumab combined with apatinib: an analysis from a phase II trial in recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma.British journal of cancer · 2025Trial
- Anti-PD1 based precision induction therapy in unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer: a phase II umbrella clinical trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Induction chemotherapy followed by camrelizumab plus apatinib and chemotherapy as first-line treatment for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a multicenter, single-arm trial.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Trial
- Camrelizumab combined with apatinib in patients with first-line platinum-resistant or PD-1 inhibitor resistant recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a single-arm, phase 2 trial.Nature communications · 2023Trial
- Ramucirumab plus atezolizumab in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer previously treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Trial
- Ivonescimab combined with chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic cervical cancer: A case report and literature review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Targeting receptor tyrosine kinases: from molecular mechanisms to clinical therapeutics.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Sonoselective Transfection of Glioma Endothelium.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- [Advances in Systemic Therapy for Extensive-stage Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Era of Precision Treatment].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2026Review
- Article
- "Immune senescence and dormant tumor cells: reconceptualizing breast cancer recurrence as an affliction of aging and chronic inflammation".Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- The lethal symbiont: exploring the pathophysiology of cancer.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Therapeutic DC vaccination against the vascular antigen DLK1 effectively treats primary triple-negative breast cancer and prevents metastasis.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of camrelizumab plus apatinib in advanced urachal cancer (RUN-SC-0102): a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial in China.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
187 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized medical oncology, although currently only a subset of patients has a response to such treatment. A compelling body of evidence indicates that anti-angiogenic therapy has the capacity to ameliorate antitumour immunity owing to the inhibition of various immunosuppressive features of angiogenesis. Hence, combinations of anti-angiogenic agents and immunotherapy are currently being tested in >90 clinical trials and 5 such combinations have been approved by the FDA in the past few years. In this Perspective, we describe how the angiogenesis-induced endothelial immune cell barrier hampers antitumour immunity and the role of endothelial cell anergy as the vascular counterpart of immune checkpoints. We review the antitumour immunity-promoting effects of anti-angiogenic agents and provide an update on the current clinical successes achieved when these agents are combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Finally, we propose that anti-angiogenic agents are immunotherapies - and vice versa - and discuss future research priorities.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.