Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33833259›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Association of sex differences in dementia risk factors with sex differences in memory decline in a population-based cohort spanning 20-76 years.

Kaarin J Anstey, Ruth Peters, Moyra E Mortby, Kim M Kiely, Ranmalee Eramudugolla, Nicolas Cherbuin, Md Hamidul Huque, Roger A Dixon

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
75citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
13.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

75 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  5. Pooled it
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Midlife hypertension and late-life cognition: weighting the LifeAfter90 study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
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  11. Review
  12. Women's midlife: the front line of Alzheimer prevention.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Sex Differences in Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Nondialysis CKD.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Sex and gender-related differences in neurological diseases: current challenges and recommendations for clinical practice.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Kaarin J AnsteySchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. k.anstey@unsw.edu.au.
Ruth PetersSchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Moyra E MortbySchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Kim M KielySchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Ranmalee EramudugollaSchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Nicolas CherbuinCentre for Research on Ageing Health and Wellbeing, School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
Md Hamidul HuqueSchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Roger A DixonDepartment of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
UNSW Sydney · AUNeuroscience Research Australia · AUAustralian National University · AUWomen and Children’s Health Research Institute · CA

Funding

CIHR
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sex differences in late-life memory decline may be explained by sex differences in dementia risk factors. Episodic memory and dementia risk factors were assessed in young, middle-aged and older adults over 12 years in a population-based sample (N = 7485). For men in midlife and old age, physical, cognitive and social activities were associated with less memory decline, and financial hardship was associated with more. APOE e4 and vascular risk factors were associated with memory decline for women in midlife. Depression, cognitive and physical activity were associated with memory change in older women. Incident midlife hypertension (β = - 0.48, 95% CI - 0.87, - 0.09, p = 0.02) was associated with greater memory decline in women and incident late-life stroke accounted for greater memory decline in men (β = - 0.56, 95% CI - 1.12, - 0.01), p = 0.05). Women have fewer modifiable risk factors than men. Stroke and hypertension explained sex differences in memory decline for men and women respectively.

Indexed as

Sex FactorsAdultAgedCohort StudiesDementiaFemaleHumansMaleMemory DisordersMiddle AgedPopulation SurveillanceYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID33833259
PMCPMC8032756
OpenAlexW3144704446

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.