ArticleNature communications2021
Symbiotic polyamine metabolism regulates epithelial proliferation and macrophage differentiation in the colon.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 166 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
166 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 230 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut microbiota bridges dietary nutrients and host immunity.Science China. Life sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Adjunctive probiotic therapy sustains symptom relief in gastroesophageal reflux disease through gut microbiome-metabolome remodeling.mSystems · 2026Trial
- Lubiprostone in chronic kidney disease: Insights into mitochondrial function and polyamines from a randomized phase 2 clinical trial.Science advances · 2025Trial
- Untargeted and semi-targeted metabolomics approach for profiling small intestinal and fecal metabolome using high-resolution mass spectrometry.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2025Trial
- Microbiome functional gene pathways are indicative of cognitive performance in older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as context-dependent modulators of Nrf2 signaling in inflammation-driven carcinogenesis.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- The gut-bone axis: microbial metabolism and nutritional interventions for bone health.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Functional Characterization of the P-Type ATPases ATP13A3 and ATP13A4 as Plasma Membrane Polyamine Transporters.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Polyamine metabolic enzyme SAT1 remodels the neuronal transcriptome and rescues α-synuclein toxicity in Drosophila.Amino acids · 2026Article
- Article
- Microbiota-Neuroinflammation Crosstalk in Primary Brain Tumors: Focus on Glioblastoma.Brain and behavior · 2026Review
- Spermine suppressesmBio · 2026Article
- Dual Functions of Polyamines in Shaping Host-Specific Pathogen Dynamics.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Relationship Between Calcium and Gut Microbial Composition and Metabolic Pathways in Children with Autism.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Beneficial Effects of Spermidine on Ovarian Function, Gut Microbiota Composition, and Associated Metabolic Changes.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Functional characterization of the oligopeptide transporter operon oppABCDF-1 in Escherichia coli Nissle 1917.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Role of gut microbiota metabolites in maintaining intestinal health and preventing weaning-associated diarrhea in piglets.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2026Review
- Interspecies interactions drive bacterial proteome reorganization and emergent metabolism.Nature ecology & evolution · 2026Article
- Probiotics and Postbiotics in Life-Style Disease Management: A Comprehensive Review on the Technologies in the Era of Omics and Artificial Intelligence.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- miR-9394b from Lactobacillus paracasei extracellular vesicles targets iNOS to reprogram host NO-ornithine metabolism and ameliorate DSS-induced murine colitis.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
106 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota-derived metabolites have biological importance for the host. Polyamines, such as putrescine and spermidine, are produced by the intestinal microbiota and regulate multiple biological processes. Increased colonic luminal polyamines promote longevity in mice. However, no direct evidence has shown that microbial polyamines are incorporated into host cells to regulate cellular responses. Here, we show that microbial polyamines reinforce colonic epithelial proliferation and regulate macrophage differentiation. Colonisation by wild-type, but not polyamine biosynthesis-deficient, Escherichia coli in germ-free mice raises intracellular polyamine levels in colonocytes, accelerating epithelial renewal. Commensal bacterium-derived putrescine increases the abundance of anti-inflammatory macrophages in the colon. The bacterial polyamines ameliorate symptoms of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. These effects mainly result from enhanced hypusination of eukaryotic initiation translation factor. We conclude that bacterial putrescine functions as a substrate for symbiotic metabolism and is further absorbed and metabolised by the host, thus helping maintain mucosal homoeostasis in the intestine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.