ArticleLupus science & medicine2021
Impact of systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity, hydroxychloroquine and NSAID on the risk of subsequent organ system damage and death: analysis in a single US medical centre.
Article in Lupus science & medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Peripheral Blood Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Combined With Fibrinogen-to-Albumin Ratio Assists in Identifying Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Activity and Lupus Nephritis.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Assessing the Relationship Between Multidimensional Area-Level Indicators and Lupus Disease Activity in Children.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Clinical utility of a multianalyte lupus risk score incorporating cell-bound complement activation products: a systematic evaluation.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- Practical insights for the clinical implementation of the EULAR recommendations for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.RMD open · 2025Article
- Real-world oral glucocorticoid use in SLE: a nation-wide population-based study using the French medico-administrative (SNDS) claim database.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Article
- Real-world treatment patterns and clinical characteristics in patients with moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus: an analysis of the SLE Prospective Observational Cohort Study (SPOCS).Lupus science & medicine · 2025Observational
- Cost-utility analysis of telitacicept versus belimumab in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus in China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Clinical and economic burden of organ damage among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in a real-world setting in Germany.BMC rheumatology · 2024Article
- The Impact of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Flares on Clinical and Economic Outcomes: The CHAMOMILE Claims Database Study in Germany.Rheumatology and therapy · 2024Article
- Leveraging Lymphatic System Targeting in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus for Improved Clinical Outcomes.Pharmacological reviews · 2024Review
- Dry eye disease in systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross sectional study.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Burden of systemic lupus erythematosus in clinical practice: baseline data from the SLE Prospective Observational Cohort Study (SPOCS) by interferon gene signature.Lupus science & medicine · 2023Observational
- Belimumab versus anifrolumab in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus: an indirect comparison of clinical response at 52 weeks.Lupus science & medicine · 2023Article
- Comparison of Contributors to Mortality Differences in SLE Patients with Different Initial Disease Activity: A Larger Multicenter Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Complement activation products vs standard ANA testing: Treatment outcomes, diagnosis, and economic impact (CAPSTONE) in systemic lupus erythematosus.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2022Observational
- Treatment Patterns and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Musculoskeletal Symptoms: A Retrospective, Observational Study.Advances in therapy · 2022Observational
- Conceptual framework for defining disease modification in systemic lupus erythematosus: a call for formal criteria.Lupus science & medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the impact of mild-moderate systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity during a 12-month period on the risk of death or subsequent organ system damage.
methods1168 patients with ≥24 months of follow-up from the Hopkins Lupus Cohort were included. Disease activity in a 12-month observation period was calculated using adjusted mean Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment (SELENA) version of the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), defined as the area under the curve divided by the time interval. Damage accrual in the follow-up period was defined as change in Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI) score ≥1 among patients without prior damage. Patients visited the clinic quarterly and had SELENA-SLEDAI and SDI assessed at every visit.
resultsDuring follow-up (median 7 years), 39% of patients accrued new damage in any organ system (7% cardiovascular and 3% renal) and 8% died. In adjusted models, an increased SELENA-SLEDAI score increased the risk of death (HR=1.22, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.32, p<0.001), renal damage (HR=1.24, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.42, p=0.003) and cardiovascular damage (HR=1.17, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.29, p<0.001). Hydroxychloroquine use reduced the risk of death (HR=0.46, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.72, p<0.05) and renal damage (HR=0.30, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.68, p<0.05). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use increased the risk of cardiovascular damage (HR=1.66, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.63, p<0.05). Without prior damage, an increased adjusted mean SELENA-SLEDAI score increased the risk of overall damage accrual (HR=1.09, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.15, p<0.001).
conclusionsEach one-unit increase in adjusted mean SELENA-SLEDAI during a 12-month observation period was associated with an increased risk of death and developing cardiovascular and renal damage.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.