ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2021
Feasibility of Continuous Ketone Monitoring in Subcutaneous Tissue Using a Ketone Sensor.
Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic literature review on the burden of diabetic ketoacidosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024: Diabetes Technologies - Insulin Delivery.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2024Guideline
- Automated Insulin Delivery with SGLT2i Combination Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2022Trial
- Ketogenic Dietary Therapies and β-Hydroxybutyrate as Modulators of Mitochondrial Function: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Translation.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Design, Construction, and Application of Implantable Fiber Biosensors.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- The Impact of Interfering Substances on Continuous Glucose Monitors: Part 2: Marketed Continuous Glucose Monitoring Designs, Labeled Interfering Substances, and Design Mitigations.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2026Review
- AI-Ready Multimodal Wearable Biosensors Beyond Glucose: Biofluid Sampling, Sensor Fusion, and Clinical Translation.Biosensors · 2026Review
- CVOT Summit Report 2025: advances along the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic disease continuum.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Continuous Ketone Monitoring: Data From a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR diabetes · 2026Article
- Pharmacokinetics and metabolic effects of ketone monoester supplementation: The first simultaneous CKM and CGM study under normal diet and activities.Metabolism open · 2025Article
- Microneedle-Based Multiplexed Monitoring of Diabetes Biomarkers: Capabilities Beyond Glucose Toward Closed-Loop Theranostic Systems.ACS sensors · 2025Review
- Article
- Expanding the bioanalytical application of β-hydroxybutyrate binding proteins through characterization of their metabolite interactions and site-directed mutagenesis.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025Article
- Euglycemic Ketoacidosis Postsleeve Gastrectomy in 2 People With Type 1 Diabetes Using Automated Insulin Delivery.JCEM case reports · 2025Article
- Tandem metabolic reaction-based sensors unlock in vivo metabolomics.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Pilot study of a ketogenic diet in bipolar disorder: a process evaluation.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- The role of β-hydroxybutyrate testing in ketogenic metabolic therapies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Revolutionizing Diabetes Care: From Tech to Therapeutics.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- Clinical research framework proposal for ketogenic metabolic therapy in glioblastoma.BMC medicine · 2024Review
- Continuous ketone monitoring: Exciting implications for clinical practice.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe feasibility of measuring β-hydroxybutyrate in ISF using a continuous ketone monitoring (CKM) sensor using a single calibration without further adjustments over 14 days is described.
methodsA CKM sensor was developed using wired enzyme technology with β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase chemistry. In vitro characterization of the sensor was performed in phosphate buffered saline at 37°C. In vivo performance was evaluated in 12 healthy participants on low carbohydrate diets, who wore 3 ketone sensors on the back of their upper arms to continuously measure ketone levels over 14 days. Reference capillary ketone measurements were performed using Precision Xtra® test strips at least 8 times a day.
resultsThe sensor is stable over 14 days and has a linear response over the 0-8 mM range. The operational stability of the sensor is very good with a 2.1% signal change over 14 days. The first human study of the CKM sensor demonstrated that the sensor can continuously track ketones well through the entire 14 days of wear. The performance with a single retrospective calibration of the sensor showed 82.4% of data pairs within 0.225 mM/20% and 91.4% within 0.3 mM/30% of the capillary ketone reference (presented as mM at <1.5 mM and as percentage at or above 1.5 mM). This suggests that the sensor can be used with a single calibration for the 14 days of use.
conclusionsMeasuring ketones in ISF using a continuous ketone sensor is feasible. Additional studies are required to evaluate the performance in intended patient populations, including conditions of ketosis and diabetic ketoacidosis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.