ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2021
Associations of breastfeeding with childhood autoimmunity, allergies, and overweight: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Women's Experiences of Breastfeeding Beyond One Year: A Qualitative Systematic Review.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Risk Factors in the First 1000 Days of Life Associated With Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review and Risk Factor Quality Assessment.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Pooled it
- The Effect of Weaning with Adult Food Typical of the Mediterranean Diet on Taste Development and Eating Habits of Children: A Randomized Trial.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Diet, gut microbiome, and type 1 diabetes: from risk to translational opportunity.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Bioactive-Supplemented Infant Formulas and Early Gut-Immune-Endocrine Development: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- [Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell grafting alleviates inflammatory response in type 1 diabetic mice by suppressing M1 macrophage polarization through Chi3l1].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2025Article
- Regional Gastrointestinal Permeability Patterns in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Window into Subclinical Inflammation and Microbiota-Driven Disease Mechanisms.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Changing Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes: A Global Perspective.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- Comparative Analysis of Omega-3, Omega-6, and Endocannabinoid Content of Human, Cattle, Goat, and Formula Milk.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Understanding genetic variants in context.eLife · 2024Article
- Risk of celiac disease autoimmunity is modified by interactions between CD247 and environmental exposures.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Role of breastfeeding in disease prevention.Microbial biotechnology · 2024Review
- Complementary Feeding: Tradition, Innovation and Pitfalls.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Association between breastfeeding duration and BMI, 2009-2018: a population-based study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Dietary Intake and Body Mass Index Influence the Risk of Islet Autoimmunity in Genetically At-Risk Children: A Mediation Analysis Using the TEDDY Cohort.Pediatric diabetes · 2023Article
- Methodological challenges of large-scale breastfeeding studies.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Article
- Environmental Determinants of Type 1 Diabetes: From Association to Proving Causality.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
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21 authors at 12 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBreastfeeding has beneficial effects on numerous health outcomes.
objectivesWe investigated whether breastfeeding duration is associated with the development of early childhood autoimmunity, allergies, or obesity in a multinational prospective birth cohort.
methodsInfants with genetic susceptibility for type 1 diabetes (n = 8676) were followed for the development of autoantibodies to islet autoantigens or transglutaminase, allergies, and for anthropometric measurements to a median age of 8.3 y (IQR: 2.8-10.2 y). Information on breastfeeding was collected at 3 mo of age and prospectively thereafter. A propensity score for longer breastfeeding was calculated from the variables that were likely to influence any or exclusive breastfeeding. The risks of developing autoimmunity or allergy were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models, and the risk of obesity at 5.5 y of age was assessed using logistic regression with adjustment by the propensity score.
resultsBreastfeeding duration was not associated with a lower risk of either islet or transglutaminase autoimmunity (any breastfeeding >6 mo, adjusted HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.19; exclusive breastfeeding >3 mo, adjusted HR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.15). Exclusive breastfeeding >3 mo was associated with a decreased risk of seasonal allergic rhinitis (adjusted HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.92; P < 0.01). Any breastfeeding >6 mo and exclusive breastfeeding >3 mo were associated with decreased risk of obesity (adjusted OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.81; P < 0.001; and adjusted OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.95; P < 0.05, respectively).
conclusionsLonger breastfeeding was not associated with a lower risk of childhood (islet or transglutaminase) autoimmunity in genetically at-risk children but was associated with decreased risk of seasonal allergic rhinitis and obesity at 5.5 y of age.
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