Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33831745›Full record

ReviewNuclear medicine and biology

Auger: The future of precision medicine.

Giacomo Pirovano, Thomas C Wilson, Thomas Reiner

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nuclear medicine and biology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. EJNMMI radiopharmacy and chemistry · 2026
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Evaluation ofJournal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Radiopharmaceuticals and their applications in medicine.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Advances in Radioligand Theranostics in Oncology.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2024
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Giacomo PirovanoDepartment of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Thomas C WilsonDepartment of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Thomas ReinerDepartment of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY 10065, USA. Electronic address: reinert@mskcc.org.

Funding

X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHYP30CA008748 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · PI Hongbiao Carl Lekaye · 1985 to 2026
$347.4M
Radioiodinated Multifunctional PARP1 Imaging Probes for Diagnosis and TherapyR01CA204441 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INST CAN RESEARCH · PI PILLARSETTY, NAGAVARAKISHORE · 2016 to 2020
$2.9M
Rapid, quantitative and affordable point-of-care diagnostics for oral and oropharyngeal cancerR43CA228815 · NCI · SUMMIT BIOMEDICAL IMAGING, LLC · PI BRAND, CHRISTIAN, REINER, THOMAS · 2018 to 2018
$300k
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA008748NCI NIH HHS R01 CA204441NCI NIH HHS R43 CA228815
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

First reported by Lise Meitner in 1922 and independently by Pierre Auger in 1923, the Auger effect has been explored as a potential source for targeted radiotherapy. The Auger effect is based on the emission of a low energy electron (typically <25 keV) from an atom post electron capture (EC), internal conversion (IC), or incident X-rays excitation. This phenomenon can cause the emission of a primary electron and multiple electron tracks typically in the nearest proximity of the emission site (2-500 nm). The short range of the emitted Auger cascade results in medium/high levels of linear energy transfer (4-26 keV/μm) exerted on the surrounding tissue. This property makes Auger emitters the ideal candidates for delivering high levels of targeted radiation to a specific target with dimensions comparable to, for example, the DNA. By using a targeting vector such as a small molecule, peptide or antibody, one has the potential of delivering high levels of radiation to tumor specific biomarkers while circumventing off-site toxicity in healthy cells; a challenge which is harder to overcome when using other, longer range sources of radiation such as beta and alpha emitting radionuclides. Several reviews on Auger emitters have been published over the years with two recent examples. For these reviews and others, we support their analysis and therefore to avoid simple repetition, this commentary will seek to address additional aspects and viewpoints. Specifically, we will focus on those most promising preclinical and clinical studies using small molecules, peptides, antibodies and how these studies may serve as a template for future studies.

Indexed as

Precision MedicineElectronsHumansNeoplasms

Identifiers

PMID33831745
PMCPMC8164972

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.