ArticleCell2021
SARS-CoV-2 evolution in an immunocompromised host reveals shared neutralization escape mechanisms.
Article in Cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comparative effectiveness of mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccines in immunocompromised individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis using the GRADE framework.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Guidelines on COVID-19 vaccination in patients with immune-mediated rheumatic diseases: a Brazilian Society of Rheumatology task force.Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2022Guideline
- Analysis of Immune Escape Variants from Antibody-Based Therapeutics against COVID-19: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Somatic Evolution of a Germline Antibody Expands its Breadth to Neutralize Early SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Systems-Scale Structural Modeling Reveals the Germline Architecture of Immunodominance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Computational Study of Antibody Binding to SARS-CoV-2 Variants.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Viral evolution during primary infection in immunocompromised hosts.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Immune-focused RBD nanoparticles induce cross-reactive, RBS-directed responses capable of variant-resistant SARS-CoV-2 neutralization.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Chronic infections can generate SARS-CoV-2-like bursts of viral evolution without epistasis.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- Clonal interference and changing selective pressures shape the escape of SARS-CoV-2 from hundreds of antibodies.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- Tissue tropism and functional adaptation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in a fatal case of COVID-19.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Epstein-Barr virus exploits desmocollin 2 as the principal epithelial cell entry receptor.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 and Common HCoVs in Hemodialysis Patients and Transplant Recipients: Data from the Dominican Republic.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Two cross-neutralizing antibodies isolated from a COVID-19 convalescent via single B cell sorting.Archives of virology · 2025Article
- Exploring the oncogenic potential of SARS-CoV-2 in the gastrointestinal tract.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Dynamics of neutralizing antibodies against COVID-19 Omicron subvariants following breakthrough infection in southwest China between December 2022 and April 2024.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in DMARD-treated patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatisms.RMD open · 2025Article
- Article
- Review
- Virus Evolution in Prolonged Infections of Immunocompromised Individuals.Clinical chemistry · 2025Review
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Many individuals mount nearly identical antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2. To gain insight into how the viral spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) might evolve in response to common antibody responses, we studied mutations occurring during virus evolution in a persistently infected immunocompromised individual. We use antibody Fab/RBD structures to predict, and pseudotypes to confirm, that mutations found in late-stage evolved S variants confer resistance to a common class of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies we isolated from a healthy COVID-19 convalescent donor. Resistance extends to the polyclonal serum immunoglobulins of four out of four healthy convalescent donors we tested and to monoclonal antibodies in clinical use. We further show that affinity maturation is unimportant for wild-type virus neutralization but is critical to neutralization breadth. Because the mutations we studied foreshadowed emerging variants that are now circulating across the globe, our results have implications to the long-term efficacy of S-directed countermeasures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.