Trial reportPloS one2021
Post-COVID-19 syndrome among symptomatic COVID-19 patients: A prospective cohort study in a tertiary care center of Bangladesh.
Trial report in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 561 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Prevalence, risk factors and treatments for post-COVID-19 breathlessness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Symptoms and signs of long COVID: A rapid review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2022Pooled it
- Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: The Persistent Symptoms at the Post-viral Stage of the Disease. A Systematic Review of the Current Data.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety After COVID-19 Despite Systematic Telemedical Care: Results From the Prospective COVID-SMART Study.Depression and anxiety · 2025Trial
- A randomized open-label clinical trial on the effect of Amantadine on post Covid 19 fatigue.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Persistent health complications in COVID-19 hospitalized patients at tertiary care hospital in Western India.World journal of critical care medicine · 2026Article
- Post-COVID-19 social determinants of health and quality of life: a longitudinal study.Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da U S P · 2026Article
- Risk factors for long COVID among participants of a population-based study in urban and rural Kenya, 2021.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Economic burden of long COVID: macroeconomic, cost-of-illness and microeconomic impacts.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2025Review
- Prevalence of depression anxiety and stress among health professionals during COVID-19 pandemic A systematic review.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Review
- Exploration of Intersections and Divergences of Long COVID and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.Cureus · 2025Article
- Article
- The impact of long COVID on heart rate variability: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Chronic inflammation in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 modulates gut microbiome: a review of literature on COVID-19 sequelae and gut dysbiosis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
- Risk Factors Associated with Post-COVID-19 Conditions Among Diabetes Patients in the United Arab Emirates.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Article
- Long-Term Self-Reported Symptoms Among Adults After COVID-19 Infection in the West Bank: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Global health, epidemiology and genomics · 2025Article
- Jitter and muscle fiber conduction velocity in long COVID fatigue.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2025Article
- Post-COVID-19 Cognitive Dysfunction: Analyzing the Role of Age, Lifestyle, and Neurological Impairments: A Multi-Centric Case-Control Study.Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH · 2025Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPost-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) syndrome includes persistence of symptoms beyond viral clearance and fresh development of symptoms or exaggeration of chronic diseases within a month after initial clinical and virological cure of the disease with a viral etiology. We aimed to determine the incidence, association, and risk factors associated with development of the post-COVID-19 syndrome.
methodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study at Dhaka Medical College Hospital between June 01, 2020 and August 10, 2020. All the enrolled patients were followed up for a month after clinical improvement, which was defined according the World Health Organization and Bangladesh guidelines as normal body temperature for successive 3 days, significant improvement in respiratory symptoms (respiratory rate <25/breath/minute with no dyspnea), and oxygen saturation >93% without assisted oxygen inhalation.
findingsAmong the 400 recruited patients, 355 patients were analyzed. In total, 46% patients developed post-COVID-19 symptoms, with post-viral fatigue being the most prevalent symptom in 70% cases. The post-COVID-19 syndrome was associated with female gender (relative risk [RR]: 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.48, p = 0.03), those who required a prolonged time for clinical improvement (p<0.001), and those showing COVID-19 positivity after 14 days (RR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.00-1.19, p<0.001) of initial positivity. Patients with severe COVID-19 at presentation developed post-COVID-19 syndrome (p = 0.02). Patients with fever (RR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.05-2.27, p = 0.03), cough (RR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.02-1.81, p = 0.04), respiratory distress (RR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.4-1.56, p = 0.001), and lethargy (RR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.06-1.35, p = 0.003) as the presenting features were associated with the development of the more susceptible to develop post COVID-19 syndrome than the others. Logistic regression analysis revealed female sex, respiratory distress, lethargy, and long duration of the disease as risk factors.
conclusionFemale sex, respiratory distress, lethargy, and long disease duration are critical risk factors for the development of post-COVID-19 syndrome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.