ReviewCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2021
Modeling human tumor-immune environments in vivo for the preclinical assessment of immunotherapies.
Review in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Bioprinted Tumor Microenvironment Models Reveal Immune Evasion and Guide CAR-NK Therapeutic Strategies.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A Novel Patient-Derived Xenograft Model of Inflammatory Breast Cancer.Research square · 2026Article
- Organ-Specific Migration License (OSML) theory: a novel paradigm for spatiotemporal regulation and intervention of cross-organ immune cell migration in tumor immune responses.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Interpreting cancer genetics through a two-step "evolutionary cascade hypothesis": bridging neutral and selective perspectives.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- The Progress of Ferroptosis of Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Impact on Tumorigenesis and Development.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Review
- Aligning preclinical AML models with immunotherapy development: principles for model selection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Human cDC1 enhance cytotoxic function of CD226+ terminally exhausted tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- Review
- Characterization of the xeno-GVHD response generated by advanced lung cancer patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells in NSG-SGM3 mice.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- Anti-tumor efficacy and safety of AEV01 in preclinical glioblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma models.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in cancer immunotherapy: from chemotactic recruitment to translational modeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Delineating MYC-Mediated Escape Mechanisms from Conventional and T Cell-Redirecting Therapeutic Antibodies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- A Novel Ex Vivo Tumor Spheroid-Tissue Model for Investigating Microvascular Remodeling and Lymphatic Blood Vessel Plasticity.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Immune-related adverse events of antibody-based biological medicines in cancer therapy.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Mitotic MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 induces PD-L1 expression and inflammatory response through the cGAS-STING pathway.Oncogenesis · 2024Article
- Mesothelin CAR T Cells Secreting Anti-FAP/Anti-CD3 Molecules Efficiently Target Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma and its Stroma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the significant contributions of immunocompetent mouse models to the development and assessment of cancer immunotherapies, they inadequately represent the genetic and biological complexity of corresponding human cancers. Immunocompromised mice reconstituted with a human immune system (HIS) and engrafted with patient-derived tumor xenografts are a promising novel preclinical model for the study of human tumor-immune interactions. Whilst overcoming limitations of immunocompetent models, HIS-tumor models often rely on reconstitution with allogeneic immune cells, making it difficult to distinguish between anti-tumor and alloantigen responses. Models that comprise of autologous human tumor and human immune cells provide a platform that is more representative of the patient immune-tumor interaction. However, limited access to autologous tissues, short experimental windows, and poor retention of tumor microenvironment and tumor infiltrating lymphocyte components are major challenges affecting the establishment and application of autologous models. This review outlines existing preclinical murine models for the study of immuno-oncology, and highlights innovations that can be applied to improve the feasibility and efficacy of autologous models.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.