ArticleCurrent neuropharmacology2021
C-Phycocyanin-derived Phycocyanobilin as a Potential Nutraceutical Approach for Major Neurodegenerative Disorders and COVID-19- induced Damage to the Nervous System.
Article in Current neuropharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cuproptosis Inhibition by C-Phycocyanin Confers Neuroprotection against Copper-Induced Mitochondrial Damage and Cognitive Impairment.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- In Silico and In Vitro Therapeutic Effects of Phycocyanin Against Lipid Micelle and/or Endotoxin-Induced Oxidative Damage and Barrier Dysfunction in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells Model.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- Article
- Bilirubin in Parkinson's disease: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic potentials.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Neuroprotective and Antioxidant Study ofCurrent aging science · 2026Article
- Decoding natural products for neuroprotection: Pathway networks and structural insights for drug development.Chinese herbal medicines · 2025Review
- Microalgae and exercise: from molecular mechanisms and brain health to clinical perspectives in the context of 3P medicine.The EPMA journal · 2025Review
- Application of aqueous biphasic systems based on pluronic copolymer and deep eutectic solvent to achieve purified C phycocyanin.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Phycobilins Versatile Pigments with Wide-Ranging Applications: Exploring Their Uses, Biological Activities, Extraction Methods and Future Perspectives.Marine drugs · 2025Review
- Heterologous Expression of Phycocyanobilin in Escherichia coli and Determination of Its Antioxidant Capacity In Vitro.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Article
- Spirulina Unveiled: A Comprehensive Review on Biotechnological Innovations, Nutritional Proficiency, and Clinical Implications.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Review
- Article
- C-Phycocyanin Prevents Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Lung Remodeling in an Ovalbumin-Induced Rat Asthma Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Review
- Phycocyanin alleviates alcohol-induced testicular injury in male Wistar rats.Clinical and experimental reproductive medicine · 2024Article
- Role of Natural Compounds Modulating Heme Catabolic Pathway in Gut, Liver, Cardiovascular, and Brain Diseases.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Natural products for the treatment of chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment and prospects of nose-to-brain drug delivery.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Processed microalgae: green gold for tissue regeneration and repair.Theranostics · 2024Review
- Stalling the Course of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Could Cyanobacteria Constitute a New Approach toward Therapy?Biomolecules · 2023Review
- COVID-19 and the Nervous System from a Cuban Experience.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The edible cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis and its chief biliprotein C-Phycocyanin have shown protective activity in animal models of diverse human health diseases, often reflecting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The beneficial effects of C-Phycocyanin seem likely to be primarily attributable to its covalently attached chromophore Phycocyanobilin (PCB). Within cells, biliverdin is generated from free heme and it is subsequently reduced to bilirubin. Although bilirubin can function as an oxidant scavenger, its potent antioxidant activity reflects its ability to inactivate some isoforms of NADPH oxidase. Free bilirubin can also function as an agonist for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR); this may explain its ability to promote protective Treg activity in cellular and rodent models of inflammatory disease. AhR agonists also promote transcription of the gene coding for Nrf-2, and hence can up-regulate phase 2 induction of antioxidant enzymes, such as HO-1. Hence, it is proposed that C-Phycocyanin/PCB chiefly exert their protective effects via inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity, as well as by AhR agonism that both induces Treg activity and up-regulates phase 2 induction. This simple model may explain their potent antioxidant/antiinflammatory effects. Additionally, PCB might mimic biliverdin in activating anti-inflammatory signaling mediated by biliverdin reductase. This essay reviews recent research in which CPhycocyanin and/or PCB, administered orally, parenterally, or intranasally, have achieved marked protective effects in rodent and cell culture models of Ischemic Stroke and Multiple Sclerosis, and suggests that these agents may likewise be protective for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and in COVID-19 and its neurological complications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.