ReviewFrontiers in medicine2021
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Autoimmunity Context.
Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- TLR9-engineered photoresponsive biomimetic nanodecoys for targeted NETs clearance to mitigate periodontitis-associated bone resorption.International journal of oral science · 2026Article
- Targeting Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Neuroinflammation: A Therapeutic Perspective on Neurodegenerative Diseases.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Intestinal Diseases: A Narrative Review.Gastroenterology research and practice · 2026Review
- Advanced Nanoparticle Therapeutics for Targeting Neutrophils in Inflammatory Diseases.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- The Crosstalk Between NETs and the Complement Cascade: An Overview in Nephrological Autoimmune Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Antibodies Against Anti-Oxidant Enzymes in Autoimmune Glomerulonephritis and in Antibody-Mediated Graft Rejection.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Characterization of Neutrophil Functional Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Translational Feline Model for COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The prevalence of neutropenia and association with infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a Swedish single-center study conducted over 14 years.Rheumatology international · 2024Article
- Role of neutrophils in cutaneous lupus erythematosus.The Journal of dermatology · 2024Review
- An Emerging Role of Extracellular Traps in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2023Review
- The Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Antiphospholipid Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Short-term toll-like receptor 9 inhibition leads to left ventricular wall thinning after myocardial infarction.ESC heart failure · 2023Article
- Mechanisms Limiting Renal Tissue Protection and Repair in Glomerulonephritis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Synthetic neutrophil extracellular traps dissect bactericidal contribution of NETs under regulation of α-1-antitrypsin.Science advances · 2023Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NETs) Degradation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The role of neutrophil extracellular traps in necrotizing enterocolitis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- Neutrophils' Extracellular Trap Mechanisms: From Physiology to Pathology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- New Perspectives on the Importance of Cell-Free DNA Biology.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
- Elevated NETs and Calprotectin Levels after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination Correlate with the Severity of Side Effects.Vaccines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
27 authors at 15 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is a strategy utilized by neutrophils for capturing infective agents. Extracellular traps consist in a physical net made of DNA and intracellular proteins externalized from neutrophils, where bacteria and viruses are entrapped and killed by proteolysis. A complex series of events contributes to achieving NET formation: signaling from infectious triggers comes first, followed by decondensation of chromatin and extrusion of the nucleosome components (DNA, histones) from the nucleus and, after cell membrane breakdown, outside the cell. NETs are composed of either DNA or nucleosome proteins and hundreds of cytoplasm proteins, a part of which undergo post-translational modification during the steps leading to NETs. There is a thin balance between the production and the removal of circulating NETs from blood where digestion of DNA by circulating DNases 1 and IL3 has a critical role. A delay in NET removal may have consequences for autoimmunity. Recent studies have shown that circulating NET levels are increased in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for a functional block of NET removal mediated by anti-DNase antibodies or, in rare cases, by DNase IL3 mutations. In SLE, the persistence in circulation of NETs signifies elevated concentrations of either free DNA/nucleosome components and oxidized proteins that, in some cases, are recognized as non-self and presented to B-cells by Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). In this way, it is activated as an immunologic response, leading to the formation of IgG2 auto-antibody. Monitoring serum NET levels represents a potential new way to herald the development of renal lesions and has clinical implications. Modulating the balance between NET formation and removal is one of the objectives of basic research that are aimed to design new drugs for SLE.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.