ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Antigen-Specific Immune Tolerance in Multiple Sclerosis-Promising Approaches and How to Bring Them to Patients.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Kupffer cells are key mediators of antigen-specific immune tolerance by peptide-coupled red blood cells.Science advances · 2026Article
- The Neuroimmune Duality of CD4⁺ T Cells: Drivers of Damage and Repair in the Brain.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Blood Pharming of Red Cells.Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie · 2026Review
- Engineering programmable CAR and antigen pairing via drug-gated light activation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Antigen-Specific Inverse Vaccination Strategies Using Particle Systems for Multiple Sclerosis.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Review
- Reprogramming autoimmunity: inducing antigen-specific tolerance via apoptotic mimicry in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Local control of T cell fate in lymph nodes safely and durably reverses myelin-driven autoimmunity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- LPX-TI641, a Tim3/4 Agonist, Induces Long-Term Immune Tolerance in Multiple Sclerosis Models.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Multiple sclerosis: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Regulation of response to antigen peptides is independent of peptide distribution in lymph node therapeutics.Biomaterials science · 2025Article
- Breaking the Triad: Immune Tolerance Induction Without Antigen Co-Presentation via Tim Agonist for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Immune mechanisms and shared immune targets in neurodegenerative diseases.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- 'Immune reset plus': the case for combining immunotherapies to maintain self-tolerance in autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Anti-Idiotypic mRNA Vaccine to Treat Autoimmune Disorders.Vaccines · 2023Review
- An engineered Fc fusion protein that targets antigen-specific T cells and autoantibodies mitigates autoimmune disease.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Antibody Content against Epstein-Barr Virus in Blood Extracellular Vesicles Correlates with Disease Activity and Brain Volume in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Observational
- Induction of antigen-specific tolerance by hepatic AAV immunotherapy regardless of T cell epitope usage or mouse strain background.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2023Article
- Mechanisms of antigen-induced reversal of CNS inflammation in experimental demyelinating disease.Science advances · 2023Article
- Epstein-Barr virus as a leading cause of multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and implications.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2023Review
- Aglycosylated extracellular loop of inwardly rectifying potassium channel 4.1 (KCNJ10) provides a target for autoimmune neuroinflammation.Brain communications · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antigen-specific tolerance induction aims at treating multiple sclerosis (MS) at the root of its pathogenesis and has the prospect of personalization. Several promising tolerization approaches using different technologies and modes of action have already advanced to clinical testing. The prerequisites for successful tolerance induction include the knowledge of target antigens, core pathomechanisms, and how to pursue a clinical development path that is distinct from conventional drug development. Key aspects including patient selection, outcome measures, demonstrating the mechanisms of action as well as the positioning in the rapidly growing spectrum of MS treatments have to be considered to bring this therapy to patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.