ReviewFrontiers in neuroscience2021
Orexin/Hypocretin and MCH Neurons: Cognitive and Motor Roles Beyond Arousal.
Review in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Temporal drift of sleep-wake representations in hypothalamic neuronal ensembles.Nature communications · 2026Article
- When dreams feel real: the MÖBIUS model.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Advances in chemogenetics: a review of DREADDs and its application in psychiatric disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Advances in the regulation of bone metabolism by central nuclei: a new perspective on the brain-bone axis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Tracing melanin-concentrating hormone function: decades of memory research and emerging links to Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Lack of glutamate neurotransmission in melanin-concentrating hormone neurons alters mouse reproduction and metabolism in a sex-specific manner.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Melanin-Concentrating Hormone (MCH): Role in Mediating Reward-Motivated and Emotional Behavior and the Behavioral Disturbances Produced by Repeated Exposure to Reward Substances.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Role of Hypothalamus in Acupuncture's Effects.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Differential motor signatures in isolated and narcolepsy-related REM sleep behaviour disorder: a preliminary study.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Case Report: REM sleep without atonia in an adult with pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome: a case study and mechanistic insights.Frontiers in sleep · 2025Article
- Exploratory Rearing Is Governed by Hypothalamic Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Neurons According to Locus Ceruleus.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Orexin-A Salivary Levels and its Correlation with Attention After Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Female Volleyball Players.Sports medicine - open · 2024Article
- Ghrelin's orexigenic action in the lateral hypothalamic area involves indirect recruitment of orexin neurons and arcuate nucleus activation.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2023Article
- Orexin and MCH neurons: regulators of sleep and metabolism.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Article
- Orexin enhances neuronal synchronization in adult rat hypothalamic culture: a model to study hypothalamic function.Journal of neurophysiology · 2022Article
- Selective activation of the hypothalamic orexinergic but not melanin-concentrating hormone neurons following pilocarpine-induced seizures in rats.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Neurokinin B-Expressing Neurons of the Central Extended Amygdala Mediate Inhibitory Synaptic Input onto Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Neuron Subpopulations.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Article
- Effect of Restricted Feeding on Metabolic Health and Sleep-Wake Rhythms in Aging Mice.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamus (LH) is classically implicated in sleep-wake control. It is the main source of orexin/hypocretin and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neuropeptides in the brain, which have been both implicated in arousal state switching. These neuropeptides are produced by non-overlapping LH neurons, which both project widely throughout the brain, where release of orexin and MCH activates specific postsynaptic G-protein-coupled receptors. Optogenetic manipulations of orexin and MCH neurons during sleep indicate that they promote awakening and REM sleep, respectively. However, recordings from orexin and MCH neurons in awake, moving animals suggest that they also act outside sleep/wake switching. Here, we review recent studies showing that both orexin and MCH neurons can rapidly (sub-second-timescale) change their firing when awake animals experience external stimuli, or during self-paced exploration of objects and places. However, the sensory-behavioral correlates of orexin and MCH neural activation can be quite different. Orexin neurons are generally more dynamic, with about 2/3rds of them activated before and during self-initiated running, and most activated by sensory stimulation across sensory modalities. MCH neurons are activated in a more select manner, for example upon self-paced investigation of novel objects and by certain other novel stimuli. We discuss optogenetic and chemogenetic manipulations of orexin and MCH neurons, which combined with pharmacological blockade of orexin and MCH receptors, imply that these rapid LH dynamics shape fundamental cognitive and motor processes due to orexin and MCH neuropeptide actions in the awake brain. Finally, we contemplate whether the awake control of psychomotor brain functions by orexin and MCH are distinct from their "arousal" effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.