ArticleMolecular psychiatry2021
Age, period, and cohort effects on suicide death in the United States from 1999 to 2018: moderation by sex, race, and firearm involvement.
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed.
- Public Awareness and Perceptions of the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline Among California Adults.Community mental health journal · 2026Article
- Online Racial/Ethnic Discrimination, Suicidal Ideation, and Alcohol Misuse Among Ethnoracially Minoritized College Students: The Roles of Internalized Racism and Ethnic Identity.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Trends in fatal and non-fatal injuries in the United States: analyzing incidence and costs from 2015 to 2022.BMC public health · 2026Article
- A century of suicide: Insights from long-term data in the United States.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The Lethal Connection: Investigating the Relationship of Drought Conditions on Firearm and Nonfirearm Suicides Among U.S. Adults.GeoHealth · 2026Article
- Associations Between Mental Health Status and Sleep and Physical Activity Among Adolescents in Hawai'i.Hawai'i journal of health & social welfare · 2026Article
- Article
- Caregiver Mental Health Across Generations.Journal of family issues · 2025Article
- Suicide-related disclosure patterns among culturally minoritized youth: Examining differences across race, ethnicity, gender identity, and sexual orientation.Suicide & life-threatening behavior · 2025Article
- Violent suicide methods across life stages - a national population-based register study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- A cultural script for suicide among White men in the Mountain West Region of the United States.The American psychologist · 2025Review
- Development of an Emergency Department Family Navigator and Text Message Intervention for Caregivers to Reduce Youth Risk of Suicide and Self-injurious Behavior.Rhode Island medical journal (2013) · 2024Article
- Characteristics of and Variation in Suicide Mortality Related to Retirement During the Great Recession: Perspectives From the National Violent Death Reporting System.The Gerontologist · 2024Article
- Insufficient Sleep is Associated With Increasing Trends in Adolescent Suicidal Behaviors.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2024Article
- Geographic Variation, Economic Activity, and Labor Market Characteristics in Trajectories of Suicide in the United States, 2008-2020.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Generational differences in mental health trends in the twenty-first century.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Culturally responsive assessment of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in youth of color.The American psychologist · 2023Article
- Sleep deprivation and suicide risk among minoritized US adolescents.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Acculturation and suicide-related risk in ethnoracially minoritized youth in the US: a scoping review and content analysis of the empirical evidence.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2023Article
- Parents of Adolescents Who Experience Suicidal Phenomena-A Scoping Review of Their Experience.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The role of sex, race, and suicide method on recent increases in suicide mortality in the United States remains unclear. Estimating the age, period, and cohort effects underlying suicide mortality trends can provide important insights for the causal hypothesis generating process. We generated updated age-period-cohort effect estimates of recent suicide mortality rates in the US, examining the putative roles of sex, race, and method for suicide, using data from all death certificates in the US between 1999 and 2018. After designating deaths as attributable to suicide according to ICD-10 underlying cause of death codes X60-X84, Y87.0, and U03, we (i) used hexagonal grids to describe rates of suicide by age, period, and cohort visually and (ii) modeled sex-, race-, and suicide method-specific age, period, and cohort effects. We found that, while suicide mortality increased in the US between 1999 and 2018 across age, sex, race, and suicide method, there was substantial heterogeneity in age and cohort effects by method, sex, and race, with a first peak of suicide risk in youth, a second peak in older ages-specific to male firearm suicide, and increased rates among younger cohorts of non-White individuals. Our findings should prompt discussion regarding age-specific clinical firearm safety interventions, drivers of minoritized populations' adverse early-life experiences, and racial differences in access to and quality of mental healthcare.
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