ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Learning loss due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 334 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
334 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,515 citations in OpenAlex.
- Suicidality and self-harm in adolescents before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Italian primary school children's learning: A systematic review through a psycho-social lens.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Remote Text-Supplemented Audiobook Intervention Supports Children's Explicit and Incidental Vocabulary Learning.Developmental science · 2026Trial
- Efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of CoronaVac® in children and adolescents aged 6 months to 17 years: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- A digital intervention to support childhood cognition after the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Daily breath-based mindfulness exercises in a randomized controlled trial improve primary school children's performance in arithmetic.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Evaluating the Efficacy of the Family Check-Up Online to Improve Parent Mental Health and Family Functioning in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2023Trial
- Consistency in North Korean Medical Academic Research Topics During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Text Mining Analysis.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Article
- COVID-19-related school closures and students' achievement and motivation: Did teacher support make a difference.NPJ science of learning · 2026Article
- School Readiness, Learning Challenges, and Lifestyle Changes Among Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic.The Journal of school health · 2026Article
- The impact of school-based mitigation measures on the transmission of respiratory pathogens: the case of SARS-CoV-2.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Counterfactual evaluation of elementary and secondary school policies in the COVID-19 pandemic.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Behind the screens: perceived impact of COVID-19 on education and the learning environment among school-aged children in the Philippines.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Pediatric COVID-19 in Korea: Lessons and Strategies for Future Disease-X Preparedness.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Review
- Safer at school? Experiences of families on school closure during COVID-19 in an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya.International health · 2026Article
- "It's Just Our New Norm": A Qualitative Analysis of COVID-19 Pandemic Stressors and Protective Factors Among Caregivers of School-Aged Children.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2026Article
- Article
- Assessing the association of physical distancing to avoid COVID-19 with health-related quality of life in immunocompromised adolescents: results from the cross-sectional observational EAGLE study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Developmental Losses of Preschool Children Three Years into the COVID-19 Pandemic.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026Article
- School attendance matters: co-occurring trajectories of school attendance and academic achievement from elementary to secondary school in a Canadian context.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
274 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Suspension of face-to-face instruction in schools during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to concerns about consequences for students' learning. So far, data to study this question have been limited. Here we evaluate the effect of school closures on primary school performance using exceptionally rich data from The Netherlands (
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.