Observational studyCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2021
Urinary Cotinine and Cotinine + Trans-3'-Hydroxycotinine (TNE-2) Cut-points for Distinguishing Tobacco Use from Nonuse in the United States: PATH Study (2013-2014).
Observational study in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analytical Identification of Novel Furan Metabolites in Human Hepatocytes and Urine: Implications for Liver and Respiratory Disease Research.Chemical research in toxicology · 2026Article
- Tobacco Biomarkers by Latino Heritage and Race, US, 2007 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- Urinary anatalline and nicotelline cut-points to distinguish between exclusive and dual use of tobacco products.Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals · 2024Article
- Validating Wave 1 (2014) Urinary Cotinine and TNE-2 Cut-points for Differentiating Wave 4 (2017) Cigarette Use from Non-use in the United States Using Data from the PATH Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2023Article
- Associations between biomarkers of nicotine/tobacco exposure and respiratory symptoms among adults who exclusively smoke cigarettes in the U.S.: Findings from the PATH Study Waves 1-4 (2013-2017).Addictive behaviors reports · 2023Article
- Variability in Urinary Nicotine Exposure Biomarker Levels Between Waves 1 (2013-2014) and 2 (2014-2015) in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Furan Metabolites Are Elevated in Users of Various Tobacco Products and Cannabis.Chemical research in toxicology · 2023Article
- Blood DNA methylation signatures of lifestyle exposures: tobacco and alcohol consumption.Clinical epigenetics · 2022Article
- Simultaneous quantification of urinary tobacco and marijuana metabolites using solid-supported liquid-liquid extraction coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences · 2022Article
- Anabasine and Anatabine Exposure Attributable to Cigarette Smoking: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Optimal Cutoff Concentration of Urinary Cyanoethyl Mercapturic Acid for Differentiating Cigarette Smokers From Nonsmokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Minor Tobacco Alkaloids as Biomarkers to Distinguish Combusted Tobacco Use From Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Use. Two New Analytical Methods.Frontiers in chemistry · 2022Article
- Loss of MMR and TGFBR2 Increases the Susceptibility to Microbiota-Dependent Inflammation-Associated Colon Cancer.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2022Article
- Sexual identity differences in biomarkers of tobacco exposure among women in a national sample.Cancer epidemiology · 2021Article
- Associations between Biomarkers of Exposure and Lung Cancer Risk among Exclusive Cigarette Smokers in the Golestan Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
23 authors at 10 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDetermine the overall, sex-, and racially/ethnically-appropriate population-level cotinine and total nicotine equivalents (TNE-2, the molar sum of the two major nicotine metabolites) cut-points to distinguish tobacco users from nonusers across multiple definitions of use (e.g., exclusive vs. polytobacco, and daily vs. non-daily).
methodsUsing Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the U.S. Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, we conducted weighted Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine the optimal urinary cotinine and TNE-2 cut-points, stratified by sex and race/ethnicity.
resultsFor past 30-day exclusive cigarette users, the cotinine cut-point that distinguished them from nonusers was 40.5 ng/mL, with considerable variation by sex (male: 22.2 ng/mL; female: 43.1 ng/mL) and between racial/ethnic groups (non-Hispanic other: 5.2 ng/mL; non-Hispanic black: 297.0 ng/mL). A similar, but attenuated, pattern emerged when assessing polytobacco cigarette users (overall cut-point = 39.1 ng/mL, range = 5.5 ng/mL-80.4 ng/mL) and any tobacco users (overall cut-point = 39.1 ng/mL, range = 4.8 ng/mL-40.0 ng/mL). Using TNE-2, which is less impacted by racial differences in nicotine metabolism, produced a comparable pattern of results although reduced the range magnitude.
conclusionsBecause of similar frequency of cigarette use among polytobacco users, overall cut-points for exclusive cigarette use were not substantially different from cut-points that included polytobacco cigarette use or any tobacco use. Results revealed important differences in sex and race/ethnicity appropriate cut-points when evaluating tobacco use status and established novel urinary TNE-2 cut-points. IMPACT: These cut-points may be used for biochemical verification of self-reported tobacco use in epidemiologic studies and clinical trials.
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