ArticleBMJ open2021
Sociodemographic differences in self-reported exposure to high fat, salt and sugar food and drink advertising: a cross-sectional analysis of 2019 UK panel data.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Food marketing, eating and health outcomes in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The British journal of nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Mapping Advertising Assets Project: a cross-sectional analysis of food-related outdoor advertising and the relationship with deprivation in Leeds, UK.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Youth exposure to unhealthy digital food marketing in relation to race/ethnicity and income adequacy in Canada.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Voicing residents' perception of (commercial) food cues in outdoor public spaces: a photovoice study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Examining differences in exposure to digital marketing of unhealthy foods reported by Canadian children and adolescents in two policy environments.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Social inequalities in the use of online food delivery services and associations with weight status: cross-sectional analysis of survey and consumer data.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Associations between exposure to advertising of foods high in fats, salt and sugar and purchase of energy and nutrients: a cross-sectional study.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- Differences in children's exposure to television advertising of unhealthy foods and beverages in Spain by socio-economic level.BMC public health · 2024Observational
- Characterizing restrictions on commercial advertising and sponsorship of harmful commodities in local government policies: a nationwide study in England.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Advertisement of unhealthy commodities in Bristol and South Gloucestershire and rationale for a new advertisement policy.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Assessing exposure to outdoor advertisement for products high in fat, salt and sugar (HFSS); is self-reported exposure a useful exposure metric?BMC public health · 2023Article
- A scoping review of outdoor food marketing: exposure, power and impacts on eating behaviour and health.BMC public health · 2022Article
- The health, cost and equity impacts of restrictions on the advertisement of high fat, salt and sugar products across the transport for London network: a health economic modelling study.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2022Article
- Article
- Associations between online food outlet access and online food delivery service use amongst adults in the UK: a cross-sectional analysis of linked data.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Exploring Socioeconomic Disparities in Adults' Interactions with the Digital Food Environment: A Qualitative Study.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo explore sociodemographic differences in exposure to advertising for foods and drinks high in fat, salt and sugar (HFSS) and whether exposure is associated with body mass index (BMI).
designCross-sectional survey.
settingUK.
participants1552 adults recruited to the Kantar Fast Moving Consumer Goods panel for London and the North of England. OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported advertising exposure stratified by product/service advertised (processed HFSS foods; sugary drinks; sugary cereals; sweet snacks; fast food or digital food delivery services) and advertising setting (traditional; digital; recreational; functional or transport); BMI and sociodemographic characteristics.
resultsOverall, 84.7% of participants reported exposure to HFSS advertising in the past 7 days. Participants in the middle (vs high) socioeconomic group had higher odds of overall self-reported exposure (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.07). Participants in the low (vs high) socioeconomic group had higher odds of reporting exposure to advertising for three of five product categories (ORs ranging from 1.41 to 1.67), advertising for digital food delivery services (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.05 to 2.05), traditional advertising (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.00 to 2.08) and digital advertising (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.14). Younger adults (18-34 years vs ≥65 years) had higher odds of reporting exposure to advertising for digital food delivery services (OR 2.08; 95% CI 1.20 to 3.59), digital advertising (OR 3.93; 95% CI 2.18 to 7.08) and advertising across transport networks (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.11 to 3.48). Exposure to advertising for digital food delivery services (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.88), digital advertising (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.33 to 2.44) and advertising in recreational environments (OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.02 to 2.09) was associated with increased odds of obesity.
conclusionsExposure to less healthy product advertising was prevalent, with adults in lower socioeconomic groups and younger adults more likely to report exposure. Broader restrictions may be needed to reduce sociodemographic differences in exposure to less healthy product advertising.
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