ArticleHealth and quality of life outcomes2021
Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Fremantle Knee Awareness Questionnaire in Italian subjects with painful knee osteoarthritis.
Article in Health and quality of life outcomes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Self-reported questionnaires assessing body perception disturbances in adults with chronic non-cancer pain: a scoping review.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Intra-Articular Injection of Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Early application of extracorporeal shock wave therapy improves pain control and functional scores in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial.International orthopaedics · 2023Trial
- Assessment of Head Awareness in Patients with Chronic Migraine Using the Fremantle Headache Awareness Questionnaire: Turkish Version, Validity, and Reliability Study.Noro psikiyatri arsivi · 2026Article
- Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and analysis of the measurement properties of the Fremantle Knee Awareness Questionnaire (FreKAQ) into Brazilian Portuguese for individuals with knee osteoarthritis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Article
- Translating Open-Ended Questions in Cross-Cultural Qualitative Research: A Comprehensive Framework.Journal of transcultural nursing : official journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society · 2024Article
- Safety and Efficacy of Hybrid Cooperative Complexes of Sodium Hyaluronate and Sodium Chondroitin for the Treatment of Patients with Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis.Rheumatology and therapy · 2024Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimGrowing attention is being given to utilising physical function measures to better understand and manage knee osteoarthritis (OA). The Fremantle Knee Awareness Questionnaire (FreKAQ), a self-reported measure of body-perception specific to the knee, has never been validated in Italian patients. The aims of this study were to culturally adapt and validate the Italian version of the FreKAQ (FreKAQ-I), to allow for its use with Italian-speaking patients with painful knee OA.
methodsThe FreKAQ-I was developed by means of forward-backward translation, a final review by an expert committee and a test of the pre-final version to evaluate its comprehensibility. The psychometric testing included: internal structural validity by Rasch analysis; construct validity by assessing hypotheses of FreKAQ correlations with the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS), a pain intensity numerical rating scale (PI-NRS), the pain catastrophising scale (PCS), and the Hospital anxiety and depression score (HADS) (Pearson's correlations); known-group validity by evaluating the ability of FreKAQ scores to discriminate between two groups of participants with different clinical profiles (Mann-Whitney U test); reliability by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC
resultsIt took one month to develop a consensus-based version of the FreKAQ-I. The questionnaire was administered to 102 subjects with painful knee OA and was well accepted. Internal structural validity confirmed the substantial unidimensionality of the FreKAQ-I: variance explained was 53.3%, the unexplained variance in the first contrast showed an eigenvalue of 1.8, and no local dependence was detected. Construct validity was good as all of the hypotheses were met; correlations: KOOS (rho = 0.38-0.51), PI-NRS (rho = 0.35-0.37), PCS (rho = 0.47) and HADS (Anxiety rho = 0.36; Depression rho = 0.43). Regarding known-groups validity, FreKAQ scores were significantly different between groups of participants demonstrating high and low levels of pain intensity, pain catastrophising, anxiety, depression and the four KOOS subscales (p ≤ 0.004). Internal consistency was acceptable (α = 0.74) and test-retest reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.92, CI 0.87-0.94). The MDC
conclusionThe FreKAQ-I is unidimensional, reliable and valid in Italian patients with painful knee OA. Its use is recommended for clinical and research purposes.
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