ArticlePsychiatry research2021
A longitudinal assessment of depression and anxiety in the Republic of Ireland before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in Psychiatry research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- A narrative systematic review of changes in mental health symptoms from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic.Psychological medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis of over 2 million people.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Mental Health Among Spanish Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic and in the Post-Pandemic Period: A Gender Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Assessment of the Prevalence of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms, Life Satisfaction and Quality of Life Among Women in the Maternity Ward with the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Emotional regulation and coping strategies predicted trajectories of anxiety across the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of mental health (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- The Pandemic's Impact on Mental Well-Being in Sweden: A Longitudinal Study on Life Dissatisfaction, Psychological Distress, and Worries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Kazakhstani Drivers and Substance Abuse During COVID-19: A Study of Patterns and Disaster Readiness.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Understanding Loneliness in Older Adults During the Pandemic: Predictors and Questionnaire Validation.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Analysis of the Factorial Structure and Reliability of the Social Determinants of Mental Health Questionnaire for Young Adults (SDMH).European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025Article
- Article
- Psychometric evaluation and community norms of the GAD-7, based on a representative German sample.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- The Mental Burden of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Post-pandemic View From a Romanian Sample.Cureus · 2024Article
- Pandemic Loneliness in Healthcare Workers. Does It Predict Later Psychological Distress?Psychological reports · 2024Article
- Change, Adversity, and Adaptation: Young People's Experience of the COVID-19 Pandemic Expressed through Artwork and Semi-Structured Interviews.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Patterns of peripartum depression and anxiety during the pre-vaccine COVID-19 pandemic.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- The Prevalence of Depression among the Global Public in the Context of the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Iranian journal of public health · 2024Review
- Mental Health Impacts of COVID-19: Does Prepandemic Cognition and Dementia Status Matter?The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Fear of COVID-19 among oral health professionals in South Africa.Health SA = SA Gesondheid · 2024Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Few studies have examined changes in mental health before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. We examined changes in the prevalence of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) between February 2019 and March-April 2020; if there were changes in major depression and GAD during six weeks of nationwide lockdown; and we identified factors that predicted major depression and GAD across the six-week lockdown period. Nationally representative samples of Irish adults were gathered using identical methods in February 2019 (N = 1020) and March-April 2020 (N = 1041). The latter was reassessed six weeks later. Significantly more people screened positive for depression in February 2019 (29.8% 95% CI = 27.0, 32.6) than in March-April 2020 (22.8% 95% CI = 20.2, 25.3), and there was no change in GAD. There were no significant changes in depression and GAD during the lockdown. Major depression was predicted by younger age, non-city dwelling, lower resilience, higher loneliness, and higher somatic problems. GAD was predicted by a broader set of variables including several COVID-19 specific variables. These findings indicate that the prevalence of major depression and GAD did not increase as a result of, or during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.