ArticlePloS one2021
Anticipatory and pre-planned actions: A comparison between young soccer players and swimmers.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- The role of preparatory muscle activity in a one-step approach to vertical jumping.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Postural adjustments to self-triggered perturbations under conditions of changes in body orientation.Experimental brain research · 2023Article
- Wearable Inertial Sensor Approach for Postural Adjustment Assessments during Predictable Perturbations in Sport.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Observational
- Age-related changes in the activation timing of postural muscles to the prime mover muscle for bilateral arm flexion during standing.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2022Article
- The beneficial effects of physical exercise on visuospatial working memory in preadolescent children.AIMS neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The present study investigated whether a difference exists in reactive and proactive control for sport considered open or closed skills dominated. Sixteen young (11-12 years) athletes (eight soccer players and eight swimmers) were asked to be engaged into two games competitions that required either a reactive and a proactive type of control. By means of kinematic (i.e. movement time and duration) and dynamic analysis through the force platform (i.e. Anticipatory Postural Adjustments, APAs), we evaluated the level of ability and stability in reacting and anticipating actions. Results indicated that soccer players outperformed swimmers by showing higher stability and a smaller number of falls during the competition where proactive control was mainly required. Soccer players were able to reach that result by anticipating actions through well-modulated APAs. On the contrary, during the competition where reactive control was mainly required, performances were comparable between groups. Therefore, the development of specific action control is already established at 11-12 years of age and is enhanced by the training specificity.
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