ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2021
Validity of the 2014 traumatic encephalopathy syndrome criteria for CTE pathology.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cognitive Impairment and Dementia-Related Diagnoses in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Neuropathology in chronic traumatic encephalopathy: a systematic review of comparative post-mortem histology literature.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2022Pooled it
- Cognitive and Behavioral Functioning in Female Former Soccer Players: Results from the Head Impact and Trauma Surveillance Study (HITSS).Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Younger Age of First Exposure to American Football Is Associated with Worse Informant-Reported Clinical Outcomes in Older Age Brain Donors.Journal of neurotrauma · 2026Article
- Neuropsychological Profile of Autopsy-Confirmed Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Imaging the later-life white matter pathologies of repetitive head impacts: A novel pattern revealed through T2 FLAIR MRI.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Dose-dependent white matter changes associated with repetitive head impacts in former American football players.Brain communications · 2026Article
- CTE neuropathology alone is associated with dementia and cognitive symptoms.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Single- versus two-test criteria for cognitive impairment: associations with CSF and imaging markers in former American football players.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2025Article
- Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: State-of-the-science update and narrative review.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2025Review
- Spatially resolved transcriptomics reveals a unique disease signature and potential biomarkers for chronic traumatic encephalopathy.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2025Article
- Dispersion-based cognitive intra-individual variability in former American football players: Association with traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, repetitive head impacts, and biomarkers.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2025Article
- Base rates of healthy community-dwelling adults meeting criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome and levels of chronic traumatic encephalopathy certainty.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2025Article
- Clinical and Neuropsychological Profiles in People With Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Neuropathologic Change: Matched Case-Series Study.Neurology · 2025Article
- Neurological Disorders and Clinical Progression in Boxers from the 20th Century: A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome in the Late Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury (LETBI) Study Cohort.Neurology open access · 2025Article
- The prevalence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy in a historical epilepsy post-mortem collection.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Characterizing white matter and vascular pathologies in brain donors exposed to repetitive head impacts.Acta neuropathologica · 2025Article
- Does white matter and vascular injury from repetitive head impacts lead to a novel pattern on T2 FLAIR MRI? A hypothesis proposal and call for research.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionValidity of the 2014 traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) criteria, proposed to diagnose chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in life, has not been assessed.
methodsA total of 336 consecutive brain donors exposed to repetitive head impacts from contact sports, military service, and/or physical violence were included. Blinded to clinical information, neuropathologists applied National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering CTE criteria. Blinded to neuropathological information, clinicians interviewed informants and reviewed medical records. An expert panel adjudicated TES diagnoses.
resultsA total of 309 donors were diagnosed with TES; 244 donors had CTE pathology. TES criteria demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of 0.97 and 0.21, respectively. Cognitive (odds ratio [OR] = 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-5.1), but not mood/behavior or motor symptoms, were significantly associated with CTE pathology. Having Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology was significantly associated with reduced TES accuracy (OR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.12-0.59). DISCUSSION: TES criteria provided good evidence to rule out, but limited evidence to rule in, CTE pathology. Requiring cognitive symptoms in revised criteria and using AD biomarkers may improve CTE pathology prediction.
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