ReviewJournal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology2021
A Review of Cancer Immunotherapy Toxicity: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.
Review in Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- Outcomes of immunotherapy in medulloblastoma: a systematic review.The oncologist · 2026Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors related respiratory disorders in patients with lung cancer: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Cardiovascular Toxicity With PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with digestive system cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- PANoptosis and Immune Remodeling in the Tumor Microenvironment.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Review
- Prevalence and characteristics of persistent taste and smell dysfunction after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for cancer.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Observational
- Effects of preoperative anti-PD-1 therapy on intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing radical esophagectomy: a retrospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors on perioperative endocrine abnormalities and intraoperative hemodynamics in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy: a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study.Journal of anesthesia · 2026Article
- Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related endocrinopathies: from immune crosstalk to predictive biomarkers and precision management.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Obstructive sleep apnea as a modifier of endocrine toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Synergistic effects of radiotherapy and immunotherapy: improving oncological outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Beyond Neutropenic Fever: Severe Multiorgan Immune-Related Toxicity Induced by Pembrolizumab.Cureus · 2026Article
- Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis mortality following surgery for colon or rectal cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Endothelial cell in tumor angiogenesis: Origins, mechanisms, and therapeutic implication.Genes & diseases · 2025Review
- Comparative efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors versus docetaxel in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Antitumor potential of silver nanoparticles against lung cancer: current trends, scope and relevance.3 Biotech · 2025Review
- Article
- PET-based immunomapping of intratumoral CD4Science advances · 2025Article
- A targeted literature review on the impact of tailored interventions on patient outcomes in oncology.Oncogene · 2025Review
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, which leverages features of the immune system to target neoplastic cells, has revolutionized the treatment of cancer. The use of these therapies has rapidly expanded in the past two decades. Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent one drug class within immunotherapy with its first agent FDA-approved in 2011. Immune checkpoint inhibitors act by disrupting inhibitory signals from neoplastic cells to immune effector cells, allowing activated T-cells to target these neoplastic cells. Unique adverse effects associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors are termed immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) and are usually immunostimulatory in nature. Almost all organ systems may be affected by irAEs including the dermatologic, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems. These effects range from mild to life-threatening, and their onset can be delayed several weeks or months. For mild irAEs, symptomatic care is usually sufficient. For higher grade irAEs, discontinuation of therapy and initiation of immunosuppressive therapy may be necessary. The management of patients with irAEs involves multidisciplinary care coordination with respect to the long-term goals the individual patient. Clinicians must be aware of the unique and sometimes fatal toxicologic profiles associated with immunotherapies to ensure prompt diagnosis and appropriate management.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.