ArticlePharmaceutical research2021
Effect of pH on Iontophoretic Transport of Pramipexole Dihydrochloride across Human Epidermal Membrane.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transdermal delivery of pramipexole dihydrochloride using dissolving polymeric microneedle patches for improved Parkinson's disease management.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Controlled transdermal delivery of oxycodone by pulsed iontophoresis: In vitro and in vivo evaluations.Therapeutic delivery · 2025Article
- Beneath the Skin: A Review of Current Trends and Future Prospects of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Effect of Pulsed Direct Current on Iontophoretic Delivery of Pramipexole across Human Epidermal Membrane In Vitro.Pharmaceutical research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeDrugs with higher molecular charges generally show higher flux enhancement when electromigration is the main mechanism in transdermal iontophoresis. This study evaluated the effect of decreasing the formulation pH to increase the positive charges of pramipexole dihydrochloride (PXCl) on its iontophoretic transport across skin.
methodsIn vitro transdermal iontophoresis of PXCl in buffer solution isotonized with either sodium chloride or mannitol were performed in a pH range of 3.0-7.0. Experiments of iontophoresis under symmetric condition with respect to donor and receiver pH and passive transport of the drugs after pretreatment with iontophoresis were conducted to investigate the transport mechanism involved.
resultsIontophoretic permeation of PXCl was pH-dependent in drug solution isotonized with mannitol. The iontophoretic flux of PXCl with valence z = +2 at pH 3.0 was half of that of PXCl with z = +1 at pH 7.0. The results suggest that the decrease in PXCl delivery at higher valence at pH 3 was mainly due to pH-dependent selectivity of PX ion permeation across the skin and not electroosmosis.
conclusionsSkin permselectivity is a significant factor for iontophoretic transport of PXCl, and reducing formulation pH to increase the positive charges on PX ions did not enhance PXCl delivery.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.