ArticleTransboundary and emerging diseases2021
Citizen science initiative points at childhood BCG vaccination as a risk factor for COVID-19.
Article in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complement system activation in wild boar (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- The impact of mycobacteria-induced trained immunity on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Neuropathological lesions in intravenous BCG-stimulated K18-hACE2 mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2.Veterinary research · 2024Article
- Non-specific protection against severe COVID-19 associated to typhoid fever and DTP vaccination.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Art-science multidisciplinary collaborations to address the scientific challenges posed by COVID-19.Annals of medicine · 2022Article
- Induction of Cross-Reacting Antibodies Against the COVID-19 by BCG Vaccination in the Mouse Model.Current microbiology · 2022Article
- Higher BCG-induced trained immunity prevalence predicts protection from COVID-19: Implications for ongoing BCG trials.Clinical and translational discovery · 2022Article
- Citizen science initiative points at childhood BCG vaccination as a risk factor for COVID-19.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2021Article
- Characterization by Quantitative Serum Proteomics of Immune-Related Prognostic Biomarkers for COVID-19 Symptomatology.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Current results do not provide conclusive evidence on the effect of BCG vaccination on COVID-19 alone or in combination with other factors. To address this limitation, in this study we used a citizen science initiative on the COVID-19 pandemic to collect data worldwide during 2 October 2020-30 October 2020 (1,233 individuals) in a structured way for analysing factors and characteristics of affected individuals in relation to BCG vaccination. For the first time, the results of our study suggested that vaccination with BCG may increase the risk for COVID-19 at certain age, particularly in individuals vaccinated at childhood. Childhood BCG vaccination increased the likelihood of being diagnosed with COVID-19 fivefold in COVID-19 low-incidence countries and threefold in high-incidence countries. A reasonable explanation for this effect is the activation of certain innate immunity mechanisms associated with inflammatory reactions. These factors should be considered when analysing the risks associated with this global pandemic.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.