ReviewDevelopmental medicine and child neurology2021
Early intervention evidence for infants with or at risk for cerebral palsy: an overview of systematic reviews.
Review in Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 34 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
CIRCLE-CP Study: Coaching, Learning, Empowerment in Cerebral Palsy - a 6-Week Integrated PT/OT Caregiver "Primer" Bootcamp for Infants Diagnosed With or at High Risk for Cerebral Palsy
Efficacy of the Perception-Action Approach Versus Neurodevelopmental Therapy in Early Intervention for Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- How can physical enrichment of school playgrounds improve movement behaviours and developmental outcomes in children and adolescents? A systematic review with meta-analysis.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Pooled it
- Neural Correlates of Mobility in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy Including Lower Extremities in Infants With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Trial
- New Approaches in Motor Intervention for Infants Aged 0-2 Years with or at High Risk of Unilateral or Bilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Barriers and facilitators to neurodevelopmental follow-up among at-risk newborns across Washington State.Research square · 2026Article
- Early Motor Interventions in Infants and Young Children: A Comprehensive Scoping Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Periventricular leukomalacia-related litigation in Japan: a qualitative analysis of causation under clinical uncertainty.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Infants and Toddlers With Moderate-To-Severe Cerebral Palsy Receive Very Low Doses of In-Person Rehabilitation.Pediatric neurology · 2026Article
- Where's the Evidence? Challenging Therapists to Stop Legitimizing Dynamic Movement Intervention and Cuevas Medek Exercises.Pediatric physical therapy : the official publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association · 2026Review
- Perceptions of occupational therapists and physiotherapists of early intervention therapy services for infants with or at risk of cerebral palsy: A qualitative interview study.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of Occupational Therapy-Based Intervention on Gross Motor Function and Independence in Activities of Daily Living in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Multi-Collaborator Engagement to Identify Research Priorities for Early Intervention in Cerebral Palsy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Assessing the Impact of Screen Time on the Motor Development of Children: A Systematic Review.Pediatric discovery · 2025Review
- Understanding the complexity of decision-making for mothers of young children with ambulatory cerebral palsy: A qualitative phenomenological study.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2025Article
- Effects of the HEP® (Homeostasis-Enrichment-Plasticity) Approach in preterm infants with increased developmental risk: a randomized controlled study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Hammersmith Neonatal and Infant Neurological Examinations Scores in Typically Developing Infants Aged 1-6 Months.Journal of child neurology · 2025Article
- The Effect of Group-Based Early Parent Education on Development in Preterm Infants.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Evidence-Based Infant Assessment for Cerebral Palsy: Diagnosis Timelines and Intervention Access in a Newborn Follow-up Setting.Journal of child neurology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimTo perform an overview of systematic reviews and more recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on early motor interventions in infants aged 0 to 3 years with or at risk of cerebral palsy to inform current clinical and research efforts and provide a benchmark to assess future interventions ideally initiated within the first 6 months.
methodStandardized searches of the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were conducted for systematic reviews (2009-2020) and RCTs (2015-2020).
resultsFrom 840 unique records, 31 full texts were reviewed, yielding three systematic reviews encompassing 46 studies, 16 with comparison groups, and six additional RCTs that met the criteria. Two enrichment- and activity-based approaches had medium effect sizes on motor development, only one with low risk of bias; two others had large task-specific effect sizes but some bias concerns; and three enriched environment studies with some bias concerns had medium effect sizes on cognitive development. Most had small or no effect sizes, bias concerns, and uncertain diagnostic determinations.
interpretationData synthesis revealed limited data quantity and quality, and suggest, although not yet confirmed, greater benefit from early versus later intervention. Research efforts with greater early diagnostic precision and earlier intervention are accelerating, which may transform future outcomes and practices. What this paper adds For over 50% of trials within the reviews, the intervention was compared to standard care with only two showing efficacy. Similar to results in older children, constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) emerged as efficacious with high effect sizes. CIMT was not superior to similarly intense bimanual training or occupational therapy. Goals-Activity-Motor Enrichment intervention initiated before 5 months of age was superior to equally intense standard care. Several other enriched environment strategies promoted cognitive and/or motor development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.