ReviewReproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)2021
Animal Models and Alternatives in Vaginal Research: a Comparative Review.
Review in Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- 3D cell assemblies for controlled evaluation of response to dual agent delivery nanofibers targeting bacterial vaginosis.Biomaterials advances · 2026Article
- Integrating experimental data and mechanistic modeling to assess potential lead exposure from tampon use.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Regenerative Medicine Approaches to Stress Urinary Incontinence.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Complement and neutrophils are actively involved at the cervicovaginal interface in cases of adverse microbial composition, cervical shortening and spontaneous preterm birth.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Dissolving Microneedles Loaded with Lipid Nanocarriers for Vaginal Delivery of Clotrimazole:Molecular pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Fiber-Reinforced Composites for Vaginal Tissue Engineering Applications.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A · 2026Article
- Decellularization method and tissue region impact the structural properties and composition of porcine vaginal extracellular matrix.Acta biomaterialia · 2026Article
- Inflammatory landscape ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Nanocarrier drug delivery systems for gynecological cancer therapeutics.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Review
- Endolysin selectively kills Gardnerella ex vivo in vaginal samples from women with bacterial vaginosis.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Drug and therapeutic intravaginal delivery targeting diseases in the female reproductive tract: A mathematical modeling perspective.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Review
- The Impact of PET Imaging on Translational Medicine: Insights from Large-Animal Disease Models.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Syntrophic bacterial and host-microbe interactions in bacterial vaginosis.The ISME journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Mechanical Stress-Oxidative Stress Axis: Biological Basis in the Vaginal Wall and Pelvic Floor Muscles of Rats with Simulated Birth Injury.International urogynecology journal · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Bi-layer Silk Fibroin Grafts for Inlay Vaginoplasty in a Rat Model.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2024Article
- Vaginal irritation testing-prospects of human organotypic vaginal tissue culture models.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2024Review
- A missed opportunity: A scoping review of the effect of sex and age on osteoarthritis using large animal models.Osteoarthritis and cartilage · 2024Article
- Molecular stratification of the human fetal vaginal epithelium by spatial transcriptome analysis.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2024Article
- 'Distraction Vaginogenesis': Preliminary Results Using a Novel Method for Vaginal Canal Expansion in Rats.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
While developments in gynecologic health research continue advancing, relatively few groups specifically focus on vaginal tissue research for areas like wound healing, device development, and/or drug toxicity. Currently, there is no standardized animal or tissue model that mimics the full complexity of the human vagina. Certain practical factors such as appropriate size and anatomy, costs, and tissue environment vary across species and moreover fail to emulate all aspects of the human vagina. Thus, investigators are tasked with compromising specific properties of the vaginal environment as it relates to human physiology to suit their particular scientific question. Our review aims to facilitate the appropriate selection of a model aptly addressing a particular study by discussing pertinent vaginal characteristics of conventional animal and tissue models. In this review, we first cover common laboratory animals studied in vaginal research-mouse, rat, rabbit, minipig, and sheep-as well as human, with respect to the estrus cycle and related hormones, basic reproductive anatomy, the composition of vaginal layers, developmental epithelial origin, and microflora. In light of these relevant comparative metrics, we discuss potential selection criteria for choosing an appropriate animal vaginal model. Finally, we allude to the exciting prospects of increasing biomimicry for in vitro applications to provide a framework for investigators to model, interpret, and predict human vaginal health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.