ReviewBiomass conversion and biorefinery2023
Poly-gamma-glutamic acid biopolymer: a sleeping giant with diverse applications and unique opportunities for commercialization.
Review in Biomass conversion and biorefinery, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enhancement of Poly-γ-glutamic Acid Formation and Antioxidant Activity inAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comparative genomic analysis of poly-γ-glutamic acid producing Bacillus licheniformis strains isolated from dairy products.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Effect of Poly-γ-glutamic Acid on Kinetics of Enamel Demineralization in vitro at pH 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0.Calcified tissue international · 2026Article
- Living Materials Approach for In Situ Bio-Polymers Production Using Bacillus Paralicheniformis in Microneedles.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Progress in the Synthesis and Application of Phycocyanin-Based Nanoparticles.Topics in current chemistry (Cham) · 2025Review
- Polyglutamic Acid as an Antiviral Agent: Mechanistic and Structural Insights.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Amphiphilic Poly(γ-glutamic acid) Derivatives for Delivering Doxorubicin in Cancer Cells.Macromolecular bioscience · 2025Article
- Genetically engineering central carbon and nitrogen metabolism in Bacillus paralicheniformis for high γ-PGA production via glutamate-independent pathway.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Article
- Production and optimization of polyglutamic acid from Bacillus licheniformis: effect of low levels of gamma radiation.AMB Express · 2025Article
- Impact of poly-γ-glutamic acid addition and pH changes on the 3D-food printability of cookie dough.Food science and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Citrate Supplementation Modulates Medium Viscosity and Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Synthesis by EngineeredEngineering in life sciences · 2025Article
- Microbial production and functional assessment ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Efficient production of poly-γ-glutamic acid using computational fluid dynamics simulations byFood chemistry: X · 2025Article
- Genomic characterization and related functional genes of γ- poly glutamic acid producing Bacillus subtilis.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- Electrofermentation increases concentration of poly γ-glutamic acid in Bacillus subtilis biofilms.Microbial biotechnology · 2024Article
- Minced Beef Meat Paste Characteristics: Gel Properties, Water Distribution, and Microstructures Regulated by Medium Molecular Mass of γ-Poly-Glutamic Acid.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Poly (γ) glutamic acid: a unique microbial biopolymer with diverse commercial applicability.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- The Enrichment of Whey Protein Isolate Hydrogels with Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Promotes the Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Preosteoblasts.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Physicochemical Characterization of Chitosan/Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Glass-like Materials.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- A circular bioprocess application of algal-based substrate forFrontiers in chemistry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a biodegradable, non-toxic, ecofriendly, and non-immunogenic biopolymer. Its phenomenal properties have gained immense attention in the field of regenerative medicine, the food industry, wastewater treatment, and even in 3D printing bio-ink. The γ-PGA has the potential to replace synthetic non-degradable counterparts, but the main obstacle is the high production cost and lower productivity. Extensive research has been carried out to reduce the production cost by using different waste; however, it is unable to match the commercialization needs. This review focuses on the biosynthetic mechanism of γ-PGA, its production using the synthetic medium as well as different wastes by L-glutamic acid-dependent and independent microbial strains. Furthermore, various metabolic engineering strategies and the recovery processes for γ-PGA and their possible applications are discussed. Finally, highlights on the challenges and unique approaches to reduce the production cost and to increase the productivity for commercialization of γ-PGA are also summarized.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.