ReviewNature reviews. Rheumatology2021
Immunological memory in rheumatic inflammation - a roadblock to tolerance induction.
Review in Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for rheumatic diseases: best practice recommendations from the EBMT Practice Harmonization and Guidelines Committee.Bone marrow transplantation · 2025Guideline
- [Evidence and updated guidelines of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation on autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in inflammatory rheumatic diseases].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2025Guideline
- Daratumumab in systemic lupus erythematosus: a single-arm phase 2 trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Evolving Therapeutic Strategies in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: Current Standards and Emerging Targets for GPA and MPA.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Sequential immunotherapy: towards cures for autoimmunity.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2024Review
- New dawn of cellular therapies in autoimmune diseases.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2023Article
- Selection of cross-reactive T cells by commensal and food-derived yeasts drives cytotoxic TNature medicine · 2023Article
- Innate immune memory in inflammatory arthritis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2023Review
- Distribution modeling quantifies collective TScience advances · 2023Article
- Article
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in People With Active Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology · 2023Article
- Trained immunity: A "new" weapon in the fight against infectious diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Article
- [Role of innate receptors in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2022Review
- Integrated single cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal autoreactive differentiated B cells in joints of early rheumatoid arthritis.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- From risk to chronicity: evolution of autoreactive B cell and antibody responses in rheumatoid arthritis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2022Review
- Article
- Dissecting the dynamic transcriptional landscape of early T helper cell differentiation into Th1, Th2, and Th1/2 hybrid cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Dysregulation and chronicity of pathogenic T cell responses in the pre-diseased stage of lupus.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Why do we still have no cure for chronic inflammatory diseases? One reason could be that current therapies are based on the assumption that chronic inflammation is driven by persistent 'acute' immune reactions. Here we discuss a paradigm shift by suggesting that beyond these reactions, chronic inflammation is driven by imprinted, pathogenic 'memory' cells of the immune system. This rationale is based on the observation that in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases refractory to conventional immunosuppressive therapies, therapy-free remission can be achieved by resetting the immune system; that is, by ablating immune cells and regenerating the immune system from stem cells. The success of this approach identifies antigen-experienced and imprinted immune cells as essential and sufficient drivers of inflammation. The 'dark side' of immunological memory primarily involves memory plasma cells secreting pathogenic antibodies and memory T lymphocytes secreting pathogenic cytokines and chemokines, but can also involve cells of innate immunity. New therapeutic strategies should address the persistence of these memory cells. Selective targeting of pathogenic immune memory cells could be based on their specificity, which is challenging, or on their lifestyle, which differs from that of protective immune memory cells, in particular for pathogenic T lymphocytes. The adaptations of such pathogenic memory cells to chronic inflammation offers entirely new therapeutic options for their selective ablation and the regeneration of immunological tolerance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.