ArticlePediatric research2022
Cesarean delivery and metabolic health and inflammation biomarkers during mid-childhood and early adolescence.
Article in Pediatric research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex modulates the long-term effects of delivery mode on microbiota-gut barrier crosstalk and colitis susceptibility in mice.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Can Vaginal Seeding at Birth Improve Health Outcomes of Cesarean Section-Delivered Infants? A Scoping Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Cohort Profile Update: Project Viva Offspring.International journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Associations of Abnormal Maternal Glucose Regulation in Pregnancy with Offspring Adiposity, Insulin Resistance, and Adipokine Markers During Childhood and Adolescence.The Journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Impact of cesarean section on metabolic syndrome components in offspring rats.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Caesarean section and childhood obesity at age 3 years derived from the Japan Environment and Children's Study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Birth by Cesarean Delivery and Development of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Progression of C-reactive protein from birth through preadolescence varies by mode of delivery.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe assessed differences in plasma levels of metabolic health and inflammation biomarkers during mid-childhood and early adolescence between children born by cesarean section vs. vaginal delivery.
methodsMother-child pairs (N = 942) enrolled during pregnancy in obstetric practices and child follow-up started at birth. Risk biomarkers were assessed in blood samples collected at the mild-childhood (median = 7 years) and early adolescence (median = 13 years) in-person visits.
resultsTwo hundred and six children (22%) were born by cesarean section. There were no significant differences in biomarker levels between children born by cesarean and children born vaginally in mid-childhood. However, adolescents born by cesarean section had significantly lower adiponectin [% difference (95% confidence interval (CI)) = -11.3 (-18.1, -4.0) µg/mL] compared to vaginal delivery. We also found some suggestion of higher insulin resistance [insulin levels % difference (95% CI) = 11.5 (-0.40, 25.0) µU/mL and HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance) % difference (95% CI) = 9.1 (-2.30, 21.8) U] in adolescents born by cesarean section compared to those born vaginally.
conclusionsWe found suggestive evidence that adolescents born by cesarean section show differences in certain metabolic health biomarkers relative to adolescents born by vaginal delivery. Further studies are needed to reevaluate these associations since the clinical significance of these differences is unclear. IMPACT: Multiple studies show that children born by cesarean section are at higher risk of obesity compared to those born vaginally. It is unclear yet to what extent this elevated risk may extend to a more adverse profile of biomarkers of metabolic health and inflammation. Adolescents born by cesarean section show small differences in adiponectin and insulin relative to adolescents born by vaginal delivery. Adolescents born by cesarean section may be at higher risk to a more adverse profile of biomarkers of metabolic health and inflammation, but the clinical significance of these differences is uncertain.
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