Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33824370›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Epidemiologic trends of infants with orofacial clefts in a multiethnic country: a retrospective population-based study.

Mimi Yow, Aizhen Jin, George Seow Heong Yeo

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Timing of Primary Surgery for Cleft Palate.The New England journal of medicine · 2023
    Trial
  2. Prerepair Mortality in Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Retrospective Analysis of Early Childhood Deaths.The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
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  6. Review
  7. Comprehensive analysis ofmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Food Security Impacts Health of Children With Orofacial Clefts: An 8-Year Review of the Global Burden of Disease Study.The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association · 2026
    Article
  10. Mortality in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
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  15. Review
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  18. Updates in Cleft Care.Seminars in plastic surgery · 2023
    Review
  19. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Mimi YowDepartment of Orthodontics, National Dental Centre Singapore, Second Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168938, Singapore. mimi.yow@singhealth.com.sg.ORCID 0000-0002-9710-3692
Aizhen JinCentre for Healthy Longevity, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0001-6375-8546
George Seow Heong YeoDepartment of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0003-0454-5289
KK Women's and Children's Hospital · SGNational University of Singapore · SGSingHealth · SG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cleft births surveillance is essential in healthcare and prevention planning. Data are needed in precision medicine to target upstream management for at-risk individuals. This study characterizes Singapore's population-based orofacial cleft topography by ethnicity and gender, and establishes the cleft cohort's infant mortality rate. Data, in the decade 2003 to 2012, were extracted by the National Birth Defects Registry. Trend testing by linear regression was at p < 0.05 significance level. Prevalence per 10,000 for population-based cleft live births was 16.72 with no significant upward trend (p = 0.317). Prevalence rates were 8.77 in the isolated cleft group, 7.04 in the non-isolated cleft group, and 0.91 in the syndromic cleft group. There was significant upward trend in infants with non-isolated clefts (p = 0.0287). There were no significant upward trends in infants with isolated clefts and syndromic clefts. Prevalence rates were sexually dimorphic and ethnic-specific: male 17.72; female 15.78; Chinese group 17.17; Malay group 16.92; Indian group 10.74; and mixed ethnic origins group 21.73. The overall infant mortality rate (IMR) was 4.8% in the cohort of 608 cleft births, which was more than double the population-based IMR of 2.1% in the same period. Infants with non-isolated and syndromic clefts accounted for 96.6% of the deaths.

Indexed as

Child, PreschoolCleft LipCleft PalateCohort StudiesEthnicityFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleMouth AbnormalitiesPrevalenceRegistriesRetrospective StudiesSingapore

Identifiers

PMID33824370
PMCPMC8024282
OpenAlexW3143597748

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.