ArticlemSystems2021
The Gut Microbiome in Autism: Study-Site Effects and Longitudinal Analysis of Behavior Change.
Article in mSystems, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- The putative role of the microbiota in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders following early childhood malnutrition.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Article
- EXPLANA: a user-friendly workflow for EXPLoratory ANAlysis and feature selection in cross-sectional and longitudinal microbiome studies.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Predicting autism spectrum disorder through the gut microbiota composition using machine learning.Bioscience of microbiota, food and health · 2026Article
- The Neuroimmunology of Autism.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Identifying gut microbiota composition disparities in autistic individuals and their unaffected siblings: correlations with clinical characteristics.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Interventions targeting the gut microbiota and their possible effect on gastrointestinal and neurobehavioral symptoms in autism spectrum disorder.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Gut and Metabolic Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of Body Fluid Signatures for Early Detection.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Bidirectional crosstalk between the gut microbiota and cellular compartments of brain: Implications for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.Translational psychiatry · 2025Review
- Characterization of gut microbiota on gender and age groups bias in Thai patients with autism spectrum disorder.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Age of machine learning: new trends in autism spectrum disorder prediction.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Gut microbiota and autism spectrum disorder: advances in dietary intervention strategies based on the microbiota-gut-brain axis mechanism.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- EXPLANA: A user-friendly workflow for EXPLoratory ANAlysis and feature selection in cross-sectional and longitudinal microbiome studies.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- The gut microbiota-brain axis in neurological disorders.MedComm · 2024Review
- Article
- Article
- Autism spectrum disorders and the gastrointestinal tract: insights into mechanisms and clinical relevance.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024Review
- Gut microbiota composition is altered in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Disgust Processing and Potential Relationships with Behaviors in Autism.Current psychiatry reports · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Research relating gut microbiome composition to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has produced inconsistent results, indicative of the disorder's complexity and the need for more sophisticated experimental designs. We address this need by (i) comparing gut microbiome composition between individuals with ASD and neurotypical controls in Arizona and Colorado using standardized DNA extraction and sequencing methods at both locations and (ii) longitudinally evaluating the gut microbiome's relationship to autism behavioral severity, diet, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Gut microbiome composition differed between individuals in Arizona and individuals in Colorado, and gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly higher in ASD individuals than in neurotypical individuals in Arizona but not in Colorado. Gut microbiome composition was significantly associated with ASD while controlling for study-site location but not when controlling for gastrointestinal symptoms. This suggests that non-ASD-related study site differences in gut microbiome composition and different degrees of gastrointestinal symptoms involvement with ASD between sites may contribute to inconsistent results in the literature regarding the association between gut microbiome composition and ASD. In the longitudinal analysis, we found that difference in levels of lethargy/social withdrawal measured in individuals at different time points correlated with the degree of change in gut microbiome composition and that a worsening of inappropriate speech between time points was associated with decreased gut microbiome diversity. This relationship between changes in the gut microbiome composition within individuals and ASD behavioral severity metrics indicates that longitudinal study designs may be useful for exploring microbial drivers of ASD severity when substantial variability exists in baseline microbiome compositions across individuals and geographical regions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.