ArticlePediatrics2021
Changes in Neurodevelopmental Outcomes From Age 2 to 10 Years for Children Born Extremely Preterm.
Article in Pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global inequities in the survival of extremely preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Hydrocortisone in Preterm Infants and School-Age Functional Outcomes: Follow-Up of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA pediatrics · 2026Trial
- Balancing precision and affordability in assessing infant development in large-scale mortality trials: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2025Trial
- Outcome at 4.5 years after dextrose gel treatment of hypoglycaemia: follow-up of the Sugar Babies randomised trial.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2023Trial
- A proposed ethics framework for conceptualization of the perioperative-neonatal window in open fetal surgery.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Review
- Retinopathy of Prematurity and Neurodevelopmental and Quality-of-Life Outcomes at 10 Years of Age.American journal of perinatology · 2026Article
- Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography for early diagnosis and severity assessment of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage: a multicenter retrospective study.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Histological chorioamnionitis and neurodevelopment at 5 years of age among infants born very preterm: EPIPAGE-2 cohort study.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Prevalence of Optimal Neurodevelopmental Outcome at 4.5-Years in Children Previously on Ventricular Assist Device Support.Pediatric transplantation · 2026Article
- Narrative review of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric complications associated with prematurity.BMC pediatrics · 2025Review
- Count of Neonatal Morbidities Predicts Outcomes at Age 10 and 15 Years in Infants Born Extremely Preterm.The Journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Mid-pregnancy uterine artery Dopplers and child neurodevelopment.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Funisitis increases the risk of death or cerebral palsy in extremely preterm infants.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2025Article
- Outcomes of extremely preterm infants exposed to prolonged prelabor rupture of membranes before 24 weeks of gestation.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2025Article
- The shifting landscape of the preterm brain.Neuron · 2025Review
- Article
- Association of a Count of Inpatient Morbidities with 2-Year Outcomes among Infants Born Extremely Preterm.The Journal of pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Expanding diversity in developmental profiles of very-low-birth-weight infants during 6 years after birth.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Ethical considerations regarding the treatment of extremely preterm infants at the limit of viability: a comprehensive review.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Review
- Association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia severity and its risk factors and long-term outcomes in three definitions: a historical cohort study.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesEvidence-based care of extremely preterm infants (<28 weeks' gestation) depends heavily on research in which a primary outcome is infant neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI), yet it is unclear how well NDI in infancy predicts long-term NDI. In this study, we aim to assess the relationship between 2- and 10-year neurodevelopment using a well-known 2-year definition and a 10-year definition developed by an expert panel.
methodsUsing data from the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn Study cohort, we classified 2-year NDI using definitions developed by the
resultsOf 1506 infants, 80% survived. Data sufficient to classify severity of NDI at both 2 and 10 years were available for 67% of survivors (
conclusionsNDI in infancy, as defined in this study, only weakly predicts NDI in middle childhood. For the parents at risk for delivery of an extremely preterm infant, a hopeful message can be taken from our findings that one-third of surviving children classified as having profound NDI and nearly two-thirds of those classified as having moderate to severe NDI at 2 years had none to mild NDI at 10 years.
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