ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2021
Urinary phthalate exposures and risk of breast cancer: the Multiethnic Cohort study.
Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hazardous Environmental Pollutants and Cancer Disparities: A Systematic Review on the Consideration of Race and Ethnicity in Environmental Epidemiology Research.Current environmental health reports · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of dibutyl phthalate on early implantation events with human endometrial cells and trophoblast spheroid model.Clinical and experimental reproductive medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of Micro and Nanoplastics on Reproductive Cancer and the Potential Anticancer Benefits of Prolonged Ginger, Garlic, and Turmeric Consumption: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Review
- Elevated phthalate exposure and metabolic susceptibility increased breast cancer risk: A 20-y follow-up study in Taiwan.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The Significance of CXCL1 in Cancer: An Overview of Molecular Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- From Plastics to Prognosis:Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Co-targeting CDK4/6 enhances anti-cancer activity and alleviates immune-related adverse events of anti-PD-1 antibody for breast cancer.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Interplay between the gut microbiota, its metabolites and carcinogens.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
- [Simultaneous determination of 10 phthalate metabolites in urine by ultra performance liquid chromatography -tandem mass spectrometry].Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography · 2025Article
- Epigenetic signatures of phthalate exposure and potential risks: a DNA methylation analysis using Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip.Environmental epigenetics · 2025Article
- Gut Microbiome and Metabolite Characteristics Associated With Different Clinical Stages in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.Cancer management and research · 2025Article
- Serum Phthalate Concentrations and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue in a Spanish Adult Cohort.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Association between urinary phthalates and phthalate metabolites and cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Personal Care Product Use during Puberty and Incident Breast Cancer among Black, Hispanic/Latina, and White Women in a Prospective US-Wide Cohort.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Onco-Breastomics: An Eco-Evo-Devo Holistic Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- An insight into carcinogenic activity and molecular mechanisms of Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.Frontiers in toxicology · 2024Article
- Urine Phthalate Metabolites are Elevated in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Associated with Advanced Cancer Stage and Poor Survival.Cancer management and research · 2024Article
- Endocrine-disrupting compounds and metabolomic reprogramming in breast cancer.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2023Review
- Association of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals With the Metabolic Syndrome Among Women in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Article
- Effects of Dibutylphthalate and Steroid Hormone Mixture on Human Prostate Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe epidemiologic evidence from observational studies on breast cancer risk and phthalates, endocrine disrupting chemicals, has been inconsistent. In the only previous study based on pre-diagnostic urinary phthalates and risk of breast cancer, results were null in mostly white women.
methodsWe examined the association between pre-diagnostic urinary phthalates and breast cancer in a nested case-control study within the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study, presenting the first data from five major racial/ethnic groups in the USA. We measured 10 phthalate metabolites and phthalic acid, using a sensitive liquid chromatography mass spectrometry assay on 1032 women with breast cancer (48 African Americans, 77 Latinos, 155 Native Hawaiians, 478 Japanese Americans, and 274 Whites) and 1030 matched controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine risk with individual metabolites and ratios of primary (MEHP, mono-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate) to secondary (MEHHP, mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl); MEOHP, mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexy)) metabolites of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), a widely used plasticizer. In addition, we investigated risk associations with high (∑HMWP) and low molecular weight (∑LMWP) phthalates, as well as total phthalates which included high and low molecular weight phthalates with phthalic acid (∑LMHMPA) or without phthalic acid in molar ratios (∑LMHM
resultsAmong all women, breast cancer risk was higher for those in tertile 2 and tertile 3 of primary to secondary metabolites of DEHP (MEHP/(MEHHP + MEOHP)) in comparison to those in tertile 1; the respective odds ratios were 1.32 (95% CI 1.04-1.68) and 1.26 (95% CI 0.96-1.66) (P
conclusionsFurther investigations of suggestive associations of elevated breast cancer risk with higher ratios of primary to secondary metabolites of DEHP, and differences in risk patterns by race/ethnicity and HR status are warranted.
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