ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2021
Gender-based disparities on health indices during COVID-19 crisis: a nationwide cross-sectional study in Jordan.
Article in International journal for equity in health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Financial Disruption and Psychological Underpinning During COVID-19: A Review and Research Agenda.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- The effects of COVID-19 pandemic on women's access to maternal health and family planning services in Egypt: an exploratory study in two governorates.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health among the Population in Jordan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Gender disparities among students at Jordanian universities during COVID-19.International journal of educational development · 2023Article
- Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on subjective wellbeing in the Middle East and North Africa: A gender analysis.PloS one · 2023Article
- Gender and the impact of COVID-19 on demand for and access to health care: Intersectional analysis of before-and-after data from Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa.Journal of global health · 2022Article
- The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazilian pregnant and postpartum women: results from the REBRACO prospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The Impact of COVID-19 on Distress Tolerance in Pakistani Men and Women.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundCOVID-19 has an inevitable burden on public health, potentially widening the gender gap in healthcare and the economy. We aimed to assess gender-based desparities during COVID-19 in Jordan in terms of health indices, mental well-being and economic burden.
methodsA nationally representative sample of 1300 participants ≥18 years living in Jordan were selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected via telephone interviews in this cross-sectional study. Chi-square was used to test age and gender differences according to demographics, economic burden, and health indices (access to healthcare, health insurance, antenatal and reproductive services). A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the beta-coefficient (β) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of factors correlated with mental well-being, assessed by patients' health questionnaire 4 (PHQ-4).
results656 (50.5%) men and 644 (49.5%) women completed the interview. Three-fourths of the participants had health insurance during the COVID-19 crisis. There was no significant difference in healthcare coverage or access between women and men (p > 0.05). Half of pregnant women were unable to access antenatal care. Gender was a significant predictor of higher PHQ-4 scores (women vs. men: β: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.54-1.22). Among women, age ≥ 60 years and being married were associated with significantly lower PHQ-4 scores. Only 0.38% of the overall participants lost their jobs; however, 8.3% reported a reduced payment. More women (13.89%) were not paid during the crisis as compared with men (6.92%) (P = 0.01).
conclusionsOur results showed no gender differences in healthcare coverage or access during the COVID-19 crisis generally. Women in Jordan are experiencing worse outcomes in terms of mental well-being and economic burden. Policymakers should give priority to women's mental health and antenatal and reproductive services. Financial security should be addressed in all Jordanian COVID-19 national plans because the crisis appears widening the gender gap in the economy.
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