ArticleNeuron2021
Specific populations of basal ganglia output neurons target distinct brain stem areas while collateralizing throughout the diencephalon.
Article in Neuron, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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85 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Structural and functional organization of the midline and intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Auditory associative learning drives synaptic responses in tail of the striatum spiny projection neurons.iScience · 2026Article
- The basal ganglia and the epilepsies.Epilepsia open · 2026Review
- Astrocytes mediate the dopaminergic modulation of tonic GABAergic signaling in substantia nigra.Science advances · 2026Article
- Continuous contributions of the dorsolateral striatum to movement initiation and execution.Science advances · 2026Article
- Dopamine dynamics as a regulatory mechanism for shifting between defensive and reward-seeking behaviors.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Opioid- and NMDA-receptor-dependent neural plasticity mediates long-term analgesia from motor cortical stimulation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Brainstem Circuits for Rhythm Generation and Coordination of Orofacial Movements.Annual review of neuroscience · 2026Review
- Motor cortex directly excites the substantia nigra pars reticulata, the basal ganglia output nucleus.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The parafascicular thalamus steers attention to facilitate learning.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A non-canonical cholinergic pathway from the dorsal tail of the striatum to the auditory cortex.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Multimodal analysis reveals cellular diversity and divergent circuits of the zona incerta.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Basal ganglia output dynamically controls skilled forelimb kinematics in real time.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Circuit architecture and axonal branching in the efferent auditory system.Hearing research · 2026Review
- A Distinct Circuit for Biasing Visual Perceptual Decisions and Modulating Superior Colliculus Activity through the Mouse Posterior Striatum.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Article
- Dynamic Respiration-Neural Coupling in Substantia Nigra across Sleep and Anesthesia.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Treadmill exercise improves motor deficits and partially normalizes electrophysiological properties of substantia nigra pars reticulata PV-lineage neurons in 6-OHDA-lesioned mice.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Synaptic integration and competition in the substantia nigra pars reticulata-An experimental and in silico analysis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Dopamine and serotonin cotransmission filters striatonigral synaptic activity via 5-HT1B receptor activation.Science advances · 2025Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Abstract
Basal ganglia play a central role in regulating behavior, but the organization of their outputs to other brain areas is incompletely understood. We investigate the largest output nucleus, the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and delineate the organization and physiology of its projection populations in mice. Using genetically targeted viral tracing and whole-brain anatomical analysis, we identify over 40 SNr targets that encompass a roughly 50-fold range of axonal densities. Retrograde tracing from the volumetrically largest targets indicates that the SNr contains segregated subpopulations that differentially project to functionally distinct brain stem regions. These subpopulations are electrophysiologically specialized and topographically organized and collateralize to common diencephalon targets, including the motor and intralaminar thalamus as well as the pedunculopontine nucleus and the midbrain reticular formation. These findings establish that SNr signaling is organized as dense, parallel outputs to specific brain stem targets concurrent with extensive collateral branches that encompass the majority of SNr axonal boutons.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.