ArticleThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2021
Hospital antibiotic prescribing patterns in adult patients according to the WHO Access, Watch and Reserve classification (AWaRe): results from a worldwide point prevalence survey in 69 countries.
Article in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Antibiotic Use Among Hospitalized Patients in Africa: A Systematic Review of Point Prevalence Studies.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Pooled it
- Strengthening One Health Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in Bangladesh: Insights from the Fleming fund country grant.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Antibiotic Consumption Patterns in Three Romanian Hospitals: A Five-Year Retrospective Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- In-hospital antibiotic consumption in Lombardy, Italy (2017-2024): a retrospective analysis of regional administrative data.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- The prediction of essential medicine demand using machine learning and traditional methods on EPSS Gondar hub 2018-2022 data.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Article
- Assessment of antimicrobial use among patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital: A prospective observational study using World Health Organization AWaRe and Indian Council of Medical Research guidelines.Indian journal of pharmacology · 2026Observational
- Antimicrobial Consumption and Prescribing Patterns in Hospitalized Children During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Landscape Analysis of Existing Policies, Laws and Regulations on Antimicrobial Stewardship in 10 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antibiotic Consumption and Healthcare-Associated Infection Surveillance in a Multi-Unit Emergency Hospital in Romania: A Retrospective Observational Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
- The Role of Pharmacovigilance Database in Identifying Antibiotic Resistance and Inappropriate Use: An Analysis of VigiBase Reports From Lower-Middle-Income Countries.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026Article
- Antibiotic prescriptions in Lombardy Region according to WHO AWaRe classification: trend from 2000 to 2024.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Trends in Antimicrobial Consumption in Pakistan (2016-2028): Retrospective Observational Study With Forecasting.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Observational
- Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance Dynamics Across Healthcare Level: Global Evidence and Stewardship Implications.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Antibiotic consumption and prescription patterns in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Changes in the Dispensing of Antibiotics to Australian Children Between 2013 and 2023: Are We Heading in the Right Direction?Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2026Observational
- Antimicrobial use and stewardship opportunities in Burkina Faso: findings from the first Global Point Prevalence Survey in eight hospitals.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026Article
- Article
- Antibiotic Use in Surgical Wards: A Point Prevalence Survey Based on the WHO AWaRe Methodology.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Consumption and Utilisation in Zambia: Results from the Analysis of National Data for the Human and Animal Health Sectors.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe WHO Access, Watch and Reserve (AWaRe) classification has been developed to support countries and hospitals in promoting rational use of antibiotics while improving access to these essential medicines. We aimed to describe patterns of worldwide antibiotic use according to the AWaRe classification in the adult inpatient population.
methodsThe Global Point Prevalence Survey on Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance (Global-PPS) collects hospital antibiotic use data using a standardized PPS methodology. Global-PPS 2015, 2017 and 2018 data, collected by 664 hospitals in 69 countries, were categorized into AWaRe groups to calculate proportional AWaRe use, Access-to-Watch ratios and the most common indications for treatment with selected Watch antibiotics. Only prescriptions for systemic antibiotics on adult inpatient wards were analysed.
resultsRegional Access use ranged from 28.4% in West and Central Asia to 57.7% in Oceania, whereas Watch use was lowest in Oceania (41.3%) and highest in West and Central Asia (66.1%). Reserve use ranged from 0.03% in sub-Saharan Africa to 4.7% in Latin America. There were large differences in AWaRe prescribing at country level. Watch antibiotics were prescribed for a range of very different indications worldwide, both for therapeutic and prophylactic use.
conclusionsWe observed considerable variations in AWaRe prescribing and high use of Watch antibiotics, particularly in lower- and upper-middle-income countries, followed by high-income countries. The WHO AWaRe classification has an instrumental role to play in local and national stewardship activities to assess prescribing patterns and to inform and evaluate stewardship activities.
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