Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33822717›Full record

ArticleIEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering2021

Adaptive Control Improves Sclera Force Safety in Robot-Assisted Eye Surgery: A Clinical Study.

Ali Ebrahimi, Muller G Urias, Niravkumar Patel, Russell H Taylor, Peter Gehlbach, Iulian Iordachita

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Hybrid Parallel-Serial Tool Exchange Robot for Ophthalmic Precision Surgery: Mechanical Design.The international journal of medical robotics + computer assisted surgery : MRCAS · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Controlling of Applied Force and Cornea Displacement Estimation in Robotic Corneal Surgery With a Gripper Surgical Instrument.The international journal of medical robotics + computer assisted surgery : MRCAS · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Cooperative vs. Teleoperation Control of the Steady Hand Eye Robot with Adaptive Sclera Force Control: A Comparative Study.IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation : ICRA : [proceedings]. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation · 2024
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Simultaneous Online Registration-Independent Stiffness Identification and Tip Localization of Surgical Instruments in Robot-assisted Eye Surgery.IEEE transactions on robotics : a publication of the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society · 2023
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Force-based Control for Safe Robot-assisted Retinal Interventions:IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ali Ebrahimi
Muller G Urias
Niravkumar Patel
Russell H Taylor
Peter Gehlbach
Iulian Iordachita

Funding

Enabling Technology for Safe Robot-assisted Surgical MicromanipulationR01EB023943 · NIBIB · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI GEHLBACH, PETER LOUIS, IORDACHITA, IULIAN IOAN · 2017 to 2024
$2.3M
Enabling technology for image-guided robot-assisted sub-retinal injectionsR01EB025883 · NIBIB · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI IORDACHITA, IULIAN IOAN · 2019 to 2021
$1.5M
NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB023943NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB025883
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The integration of robotics into retinal microsurgery leads to a reduction in surgeon perception of tool-to-tissue interaction forces. This blunting of human tactile sensory input, which is due to the inflexible mass and large inertia of the robotic arm as compared to the milli-Newton scale of the interaction forces and fragile tissues during ophthalmic surgery, identifies a potential iatrogenic risk during robotic eye surgery. In this paper, we aim to evaluate two variants of an adaptive force control scheme implemented on the Steady-Hand Eye Robot (SHER) that are intended to mitigate the risk of unsafe scleral forces. The present study enrolled ten retina fellows and ophthalmology residents into a simulated procedure, which simply asked the trainees to follow retinal vessels in a model retina surgery environment. For this purpose, we have developed a force-sensing (equipped with Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG)) instrument to attach to the robot. A piezo-actuated linear stage for creating random lateral motions to the eyeball phantom has been provided to simulate disturbances during surgery. The SHER and all of its dependencies were set up in an operating room in the Wilmer Eye Institute at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. The clinicians conducted robot-assisted experiments with the adaptive controls incorporated as well as freehand manipulations. The results indicate that the Adaptive Norm Control (ANC) method, is able to maintain scleral forces at predetermined safe levels better than even freehand manipulations. Novice clinicians in robot training however, subjectively preferred freehand maneuvers over robotic manipulations. Clinician preferences once highly skilled with the robot is not assessed in this study.

Indexed as

RoboticsRobotic Surgical ProceduresHumansMicrosurgeryRetinaSclera

Identifiers

PMID33822717
PMCPMC8492795

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.