ReviewJournal of the American Heart Association2021
All Roads Lead to Rome (the Heart): Cell Retention and Outcomes From Various Delivery Routes of Cell Therapy Products to the Heart.
Review in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy in Cardiovascular Disease: Reconsidering Clinical Inconsistency Through the Mechanism-Endpoint Relationship.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Multimodal characterization of sustained bioagent release from an epicardial depot for long-term biomaterial incorporation.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- Electrical coupling between transplanted cardiomyocytes and host myocardium to prevent arrhythmia.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Review
- An overview of recent flexible- and soft-biomaterial applications in myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Intrapericardially injected hydrogel loaded with stromal cell secretome microparticles improves post-infarction myocardial repair in pigs.European heart journal · 2026Article
- Cardiac reprogramming via transient overexpression of P-glycoprotein alleviates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice and pigs.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Avenues for optimization of cardiac therapeutics by minimally invasive delivery.Acta biomaterialia · 2026Review
- Cell therapy strategies for organ regeneration.BMC medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Progress and challenges in transplantation of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes for cardiac therapy.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Review
- Advancing Congenital Heart Defect Treatments: Synergistic Approaches with Stem Cells and Functional Scaffolds.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Article
- Current perspectives on regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem cells in alleviating cardiac injuries: Molecular pathways and therapeutic enhancement.World journal of stem cells · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Angiogenesis and Cardiac Regeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Rodent Models.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2025Review
- Advances in research on biomaterials and stem cell/exosome-based strategies in the treatment of traumatic brain injury.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- The therapeutic efficacy comparison of MSCs derived different tissues unveilings anti-apoptosis more crucial than angiogenesis in treating acute myocardial infarction.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Innovative approaches to boost mesenchymal stem cells efficacy in myocardial infarction therapy.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Engineering exosomes and exosome-like nanovesicles for improving tissue targeting and retention.Fundamental research · 2025Review
- A Mathematical Exploration of the Effects of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury After a Myocardial Infarction.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Intrapericardial Administration to Achieve Localized and Targeted Treatment for Cardiac Disease.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In the past decades, numerous preclinical studies and several clinical trials have evidenced the feasibility of cell transplantation in treating heart diseases. Over the years, different delivery routes of cell therapy have emerged and broadened the width of the field. However, a common hurdle is shared by all current delivery routes: low cell retention. A myriad of studies confirm that cell retention plays a crucial role in the success of cell-mediated cardiac repair. It is important for any delivery route to maintain donor cells in the recipient heart for enough time to not only proliferate by themselves, but also to send paracrine signals to surrounding damaged heart cells and repair them. In this review, we first undertake an in-depth study of primary theories of cell loss, including low efficiency in cell injection, "washout" effects, and cell death, and then organize the literature from the past decade that focuses on cell transplantation to the heart using various cell delivery routes, including intracoronary injection, systemic intravenous injection, retrograde coronary venous injection, and intramyocardial injection. In addition to a recapitulation of these approaches, we also clearly evaluate their strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, we conduct comparative research on the cell retention rate and functional outcomes of these delivery routes. Finally, we extend our discussion to state-of-the-art bioengineering techniques that enhance cell retention, as well as alternative delivery routes, such as intrapericardial delivery. A combination of these novel strategies and more accurate assessment methods will help to address the hurdle of low cell retention and boost the efficacy of cell transplantation to the heart.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.