ArticleJournal of Korean medical science2021
Interaction Effects between COVID-19 Outbreak and Community Income Levels on Excess Mortality among Patients Visiting Emergency Departments.
Article in Journal of Korean medical science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in low-and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Interaction Effects Between COVID-19 Outbreak and Fever on Mortality Among OHCA Patients Visiting Emergency Departments.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Observational
- Epidemiology of Non-Emergent Cancer-Related Emergency Department Visits in Korea between 2016 and 2020.Yonsei medical journal · 2024Article
- Emergency department utilization in elderly patients: a report from the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) of Korea, 2018-2022.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2023Article
- Recent status of sudden cardiac arrests in emergency medical facilities: a report from the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) of Korea, 2018-2022.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2023Article
- Epidemiologic trends of patients who visited nationwide emergency departments: a report from the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) of Korea, 2018-2022.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2023Article
- Epidemiology of patients who died in the emergency departments and need of end-of-life care in Korea from 2016 to 2019.Scientific reports · 2023Observational
- Collateral Effect of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Emergency Department Visits in Korea.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Modeling mobility, risk, and pandemic severity during the first year of COVID.Socio-economic planning sciences · 2022Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on the End-of-Life Care of Cancer Patients Who Died in a Korean Tertiary Hospital: A Retrospective Study.Journal of hospice and palliative care · 2022Article
- Suicide attempt-related emergency department visits among adolescents: a nationwide population-based study in Korea, 2016-2019.BMC psychiatry · 2022Article
- Aggressiveness of care in the last days of life in the emergency department of a tertiary hospital in Korea.BMC palliative care · 2022Article
- The impact of COVID-19 on the patterns of emergency department visits among pediatric patients.The American journal of emergency medicine · 2022Article
- Direct Transport to Cardiac Arrest Center and Survival Outcomes after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest by Urbanization Level.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe objective of this study was to examine the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on excess in-hospital mortality among patients who visited emergency departments (EDs) and to assess whether the excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic varies by community income level.
methodsThis is a cross-sectional study using the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) database in Korea. The study population was defined as patients who visited all 402 EDs with medical conditions other than injuries between January 27 and May 31, 2020 (after-COVID) and for the corresponding time period in 2019 (before-COVID). The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The main exposure was the COVID-19 outbreak, and the interaction variable was county per capita income tax. We calculated the risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality rates by COVID-19 outbreak, as well as the difference-in-difference of risk-adjusted rates between the before-COVID and after-COVID groups according to the county income tax using a multilevel linear regression model with the interaction term.
resultsA total of 11,662,167 patients (6,765,717 in before-COVID and 4,896,450 in after-COVID) were included in the study with a 1.6% crude in-hospital mortality rate. The risk-adjusted mortality rate in the after-COVID group was higher than that in the before-COVID group (1.82% vs. 1.50%, difference: 0.31% [0.30 to 0.33]; adjusted odds ratio: 1.22 [1.18 to 1.25]). The excess in-hospital mortality rate of the after-COVID in the lowest quartile group of county income tax was significantly higher than that in the highest quartile group (difference-in-difference: 0.18% (0.14 to 0.23); P-for-interaction: < 0.01).
conclusionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, there was excess in-hospital mortality among patients who visited EDs, and there were disparities in excess mortality depending on community socioeconomic positions.
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