Trial reportActa ophthalmologica2022
The RAP study, report 3: Discoloration of the macular region in patients with macular neovascularization type 3.
Trial report in Acta ophthalmologica, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global research trends and hotspots in the pathophysiology, imaging and therapy of type 3 macular neovascularization (MNV3) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Reshaping the Burden of nAMD: National, Regional, and Global Prevalence of MNV3 and Its Correlation With Life Expectancy-The RAP Study, Report 7.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- A Novel Effect of Microaneurysms and Retinal Cysts on Capillary Perfusion in Diabetic Macular Edema: A Multimodal Imaging Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The potential key role of choroidal non-perfusion and rod degeneration in the pathogenesis of macular neovascularization type 3.Eye (London, England) · 2024Review
- Current Perspectives on Type 3 Macular Neovascularization due to Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde · 2024Review
- Histology of Type 3 Macular Neovascularization and Microvascular Anomalies in Treated Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Case Study.Ophthalmology science · 2023Article
- Do patients with unilateral macular neovascularization type 3 need AREDS supplements to slow the progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration?Eye (London, England) · 2023Article
- THE RAP STUDY, REPORT 5: REDISCOVERING MACULAR NEOVASCULARIZATION TYPE 3: Multimodal Imaging of Fellow Eyes over 24 months.Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2022Article
- The RAP study, report 4: morphological and topographical characteristics of multifocal macular neovascularization type 3.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimsTo explore whether the existence and pattern of distribution of macular haemorrhage or exudate can be valuable diagnostic markers for macular neovascularization type 3 (MNV3) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
methodsEighty-three eyes of 83 consecutive treatment naïve patients with stage 3 MNV3 were enrolled. The diagnosis was based on fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Subretinal and intraretinal haemorrhage and dense exudates were evaluated on colour fundus photography. Fluorescein angiography (FA) images and OCT scans were used to identify the axial location of the haemorrhage. 83 patients with MNV1 and 83 with MNV2 were included as two control groups.
resultsIn the MNV3 group, 62 (75%) eyes had intraretinal haemorrhage and 52 (63%) had dense exudates. 73 (88%) eyes had intraretinal haemorrhage and/or dense exudates. 41 (49%) had both pathologies. The intraretinal haemorrhage was flame shaped over the lesion and punctate or semi-punctate further away from it and directed to the fovea. No subretinal haemorrhage was noticed. In the MNV1 and MNV2 groups, 11 (13%) and 24 (29%) eyes had subretinal haemorrhage or dense exudates, respectively. No intraretinal haemorrhage was seen in the two control groups. The prevalence of exudates and haemorrhage (irrespective of its location) was greater in MNV3 than in MNV1 or 2 (p < 0.0001).
conclusionThe existence and pattern of distribution of intraretinal haemorrhage is pathognomonic of MNV3. It makes (alone or with dense exudates) the diagnose MNV3 possible using fundoscopy or colour fundus photo and without further diagnostic expenditure.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.