ReviewEMBO molecular medicine2021
Delivery of oligonucleotide-based therapeutics: challenges and opportunities.
Review in EMBO molecular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 226 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
226 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- CRISPR-Cas systems in combating antimicrobial resistance: which system to choose? A systematic review.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2025Pooled it
- Foot and mouth disease vaccine efficacy in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Pooled it
- Silencing with precision: In silico strategies for antisense oligonucleotide engineering.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Review
- ADAR RNA editing for cardiovascular disease: TargetingMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Givinostat enhances antisense oligonucleotide efficacy in theMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Recent Advancements in Drug Delivery Across the Blood-Brain Barrier in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Do Chemically Modified Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Require Environmental Risk Assessment?Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- RNA-based therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies: challenges and opportunities.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Review
- Stimulus-Responsive Polymeric Carriers for Gene Delivery: Balancing Endosomal Escape with Nucleic Acid Release.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Review
- Rational dsRNA design, scalable production and nanodelivery to enhance spray-induced gene silencing.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Review
- Why microglial repair programs fade.Cell research · 2026Article
- Investigating theBioconjugate chemistry · 2026Article
- ClinASO: An open-source platform for rapid drug discovery of gapmer antisense oligonucleotides.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Lumbar intrathecal catheterization in rats targeting the cerebral cortex: a drug delivery method and validation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- RNA Therapeutics Targeting Skeletal Muscle: Emerging Antisense and Gene-Modifying Strategies.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Sequence-Defined Digital Bottlebrush Polymers for Programmable Oligonucleotide Delivery.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Advances in Analysis of Therapeutic Oligonucleotides with Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry.Analytical chemistry · 2026Review
- Current CMC challenges in oligonucleotide API development: from IND to NDA.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2026Review
166 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapeutics that regulate gene expression have been developed towards clinical use at a steady pace for several decades, but in recent years the field has been accelerating. To date, there are 11 marketed products based on antisense oligonucleotides, aptamers and small interfering RNAs, and many others are in the pipeline for both academia and industry. A major technology trigger for this development has been progress in oligonucleotide chemistry to improve the drug properties and reduce cost of goods, but the main hurdle for the application to a wider range of disorders is delivery to target tissues. The adoption of delivery technologies, such as conjugates or nanoparticles, has been a game changer for many therapeutic indications, but many others are still awaiting their eureka moment. Here, we cover the variety of methods developed to deliver nucleic acid-based therapeutics across biological barriers and the model systems used to test them. We discuss important safety considerations and regulatory requirements for synthetic oligonucleotide chemistries and the hurdles for translating laboratory breakthroughs to the clinic. Recent advances in the delivery of nucleic acid-based therapeutics and in the development of model systems, as well as safety considerations and regulatory requirements for synthetic oligonucleotide chemistries are discussed in this review on oligonucleotide-based therapeutics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.