ArticleNature chemical biology2021
Hydrogel-based biocontainment of bacteria for continuous sensing and computation.
Article in Nature chemical biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 232 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bioprinted core-shell living material platform for spatially controlled encapsulation ofBioactive materials · 2027Article
- Self-Assembled Living Microreactors for Selective Microcystin Removal via Cascade Sieving, Adsorption and Biodegradation.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Hydrogel-encapsulated microalgae-bacteria consortia for resilient saline agriculture.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Engineering an Optogenetic pH-Modulator in Bacteria.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Thermo-Responsive Living Microspheroids Enable a Regenerative Living Disk-Drive System for DNA Data Storage.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Let There be Light! Light as an Engine and Regulator in Synthetic Cells.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Review
- Advances in biocontainment strategies of engineered microbes for use in humans.Current opinion in microbiology · 2026Review
- Selective Covalent Assembly of Gram-Negative Bacteria and Synthetic Polymers into Functional Living Materials.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Programmable Semi-Interpenetrating Living Materials With Robust Stability for Versatile Bioremediation and Biotherapeutics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Hydrogel platforms for engineered live biotherapeutics: materials, microbial integration and clinical potential.RSC pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- PEARL: Protein Eluting Alginate with Recombinant Lactobacilli.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Evaluating Cytocompatibility of Corynebacterium glutamicum-poly Vinyl Alcohol Living Biomaterials for Ocular Use.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Artificial Symbiosis for Bulk Production of Bacterial Cellulose Composites.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Photoelectrocatalytic-microbial biohybrid for succinic acid synthesis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Protein engineering: status report.Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS · 2026Review
- Probiotic-Based Materials as Living Therapeutics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Living bacteria-loaded antibacterial hydrogel-coated gauze: A revolutionary solution for multi-drug-resistant bacterial infections.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Hydrogel-based experimental models of the gastrointestinal tract.Microbiome · 2025Review
- 3D Bioprinted Engineered Living Microreactors for Continuous Organophosphorus Compound Degradation.Small science · 2025Article
- Probiotic Bacteria as Therapeutics and Biohybrid Drug Carriers: Advances, Design Strategies, and Future Outlook.ACS applied bio materials · 2025Review
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs) can enable a wide range of important applications including environmental sensing and responsive engineered living materials. However, containment of GMMs to prevent environmental escape and satisfy regulatory requirements is a bottleneck for real-world use. While current biochemical strategies restrict unwanted growth of GMMs in the environment, there is a need for deployable physical containment technologies to achieve redundant, multi-layered and robust containment. We developed a hydrogel-based encapsulation system that incorporates a biocompatible multilayer tough shell and an alginate-based core. This deployable physical containment strategy (DEPCOS) allows no detectable GMM escape, bacteria to be protected against environmental insults including antibiotics and low pH, controllable lifespan and easy retrieval of genomically recoded bacteria. To highlight the versatility of DEPCOS, we demonstrated that robustly encapsulated cells can execute useful functions, including performing cell-cell communication with other encapsulated bacteria and sensing heavy metals in water samples from the Charles River.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.