Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33820980›Full record

ArticleNature biomedical engineering2021

Discrimination of single-point mutations in unamplified genomic DNA via Cas9 immobilized on a graphene field-effect transistor.

Sarah Balderston, Jeffrey J Taulbee, Elizabeth Celaya, Kandace Fung, Amanda Jiao, Kasey Smith, Reza Hajian, Giedrius Gasiunas, Simonas Kutanovas, Daehwan Kim and 11 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Biophysical characterization ofSensors & diagnostics · 2026
    Article
  4. CRISPR Diagnostics, in Your Pocket.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Recent Advances in Xenes Based FET for Biosensing Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  13. Advances in 2D materials for wearable biomonitoring.Materials science & engineering. R, Reports : a review journal · 2025
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Sarah BalderstonKeck Graduate Institute, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9254-9591
Jeffrey J TaulbeeUniversity of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Elizabeth CelayaCardea, San Diego, CA, USA.
Kandace FungKeck Graduate Institute, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3299-6186
Amanda JiaoCardea, San Diego, CA, USA.
Kasey SmithKeck Graduate Institute, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, CA, USA.
Reza HajianKeck Graduate Institute, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, CA, USA.
Giedrius GasiunasCasZyme, Vilnius, Lithuania.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2509-9054
Simonas KutanovasCasZyme, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Daehwan KimUniversity of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Jonathan ParkinsonCardea, San Diego, CA, USA.
Kenneth DickersonCardea, San Diego, CA, USA.
Juan-José RipollCardea, San Diego, CA, USA.
Regis PeytaviCardea, San Diego, CA, USA.
Hsiang-Wei LuKeck Graduate Institute, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, CA, USA.
Francie BarronCardea, San Diego, CA, USA.
Brett R GoldsmithCardea, San Diego, CA, USA.
Philip G CollinsUniversity of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Irina M ConboyUniversity of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Virginijus SiksnysCasZyme, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Kiana AranKeck Graduate Institute, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, CA, USA. karan@kgi.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0268-6192

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Simple and fast methods for the detection of target genes with single-nucleotide specificity could open up genetic research and diagnostics beyond laboratory settings. We recently reported a biosensor for the electronic detection of unamplified target genes using liquid-gated graphene field-effect transistors employing an RNA-guided catalytically deactivated CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) anchored to a graphene monolayer. Here, using unamplified genomic samples from patients and by measuring multiple types of electrical response, we show that the biosensors can discriminate within one hour between wild-type and homozygous mutant alleles differing by a single nucleotide. We also show that biosensors using a guide RNA-Cas9 orthologue complex targeting genes within the protospacer-adjacent motif discriminated between homozygous and heterozygous DNA samples from patients with sickle cell disease, and that the biosensors can also be used to rapidly screen for guide RNA-Cas9 complexes that maximize gene-targeting efficiency.

Indexed as

Polymorphism, Single NucleotideAnemia, Sickle CellBiosensing TechniquesCRISPR-Associated Protein 9DNAGenome, HumanGraphiteHeterozygoteHomozygoteHumansImmobilized ProteinsRNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas SystemsSuperoxide Dismutase-1Transistors, ElectronicCRISPR-Associated Protein 9DNAGraphiteImmobilized ProteinsRNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas SystemsSOD1 protein, humanSuperoxide Dismutase-1

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.