ArticleTobacco control2022
Evaluating the impact of menthol cigarette bans on cessation and smoking behaviours in Canada: longitudinal findings from the Canadian arm of the 2016-2018 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys.
Article in Tobacco control, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impact of Menthol Cigarette Bans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review and network meta-analysis of population-level interventions to tackle smoking behaviour.Nature human behaviour · 2024Pooled it
- Smoking Quit Rates Among Menthol vs Nonmenthol Smokers: Implications Regarding a US Ban on the Sale of Menthol Cigarettes.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2022Pooled it
- Substitutability of menthol cigarette alternatives: a clinical trial.Tobacco control · 2025Trial
- Illegal product purchasing in the experimental tobacco marketplace: Effects of menthol cigarette and cigarette ventilation ban.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Trial
- Does removing menthol cigarettes in convenience stores reduce susceptibility to cigarette smoking? An experimental investigation in young people.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Trial
- Manipulation of Menthol and Nicotine Content in Cigarettes: Effects on Smoking Behavior and Toxicant Exposure in Women Menthol Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Trial
- Effect on Tobacco Use and Subjective Measures of Including E-cigarettes in a Simulated Ban of Menthol in Combustible Cigarettes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Trial
- The U.S. Federal Menthol Ban: a Critical Step Toward Health Equity for African Americans.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Perceptions of a Menthol Cigarette Ban: Focus Group Study With US Adults who Smoke Menthol Cigarettes.American journal of health promotion : AJHP · 2026Article
- Effects of menthol cigarette and e-cigarette flavour restrictions on tobacco product purchasing: insights from the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between Social Determinants of Health and Cigarette Smoking Behaviors Among Adults in the United States, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), 2023.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Examining the impact of England's menthol cigarette ban on postban smoking cessation: longitudinal findings from the England arm of the 2020-2022 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Menthol cigarette alternative products: Awareness, use, and substitution intentions among adults who smoke menthol cigarettes.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Smoking prevalence and purchasing of menthol cigarettes since the menthol flavour ban in Great Britain: a population-based survey between 2020 and 2023.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Tobacco use behaviors in response to menthol restriction: A scoping review.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Review
- Access to tobacco cessation is a human right and essential for the endgame.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- The influence of sociodemographic, tobacco use, and mental health characteristics on treatment adherence among adults enrolled in a community-based tobacco cessation program.Addictive behaviors reports · 2024Article
- Restrictions of cigarette and e-cigarette flavor and filter ventilation on demand and substitution in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Evidence-Based Post-Ban Research to Inform Effective Menthol Cigarette Bans in the United States and Other Jurisdictions.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the impact of menthol cigarette bans in seven Canadian provinces between 2016 and 2018.
methodsLongitudinal data from the Canadian arm of the 2016 and 2018 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey. 1098 non-menthol and 138 menthol smokers were surveyed pre-menthol and post-menthol cigarette bans. Multivariate logistic regression models examined associations between pre-post ban changes in smoking behaviour, including differences between menthol and non-menthol smokers in quit attempts and quitting.
resultsAt follow-up, 59.1% of pre-ban menthol smokers switched to non-menthol cigarettes; 21.5% quit smoking and 19.5% still smoked menthols, primarily purchased from First Nations reserves. Menthol smokers were more likely than non-menthol smokers to make a quit attempt (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.61, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.51), and to remain quit (aOR=2.30, 95% CI 1.06 to 5.01). Menthol smokers did not differ significantly from non-menthol smokers in quit success (aOR=1.72, 95% CI 0.98 to 3.01); however, daily menthol smokers were more likely than daily non-menthol smokers to quit (aOR=2.21, 95% CI 1.15 to 4.24), and daily menthol smokers who quit before the ban were more likely than daily non-menthol smokers to remain quit (aOR=2.81, 95% CI 1.15 to 6.85).
conclusionsAlthough menthol smokers were most likely to switch to non-menthol cigarettes, the menthol ban was also significantly associated with higher rates of quit attempts and quit success among menthol smokers compared with non-menthol smokers, and may have helped to prevent relapse among menthol smokers who had quit smoking before the ban. Results confirm and extend evaluation of Ontario's menthol ban across provinces covering 83% of the Canadian population.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.